I te pakanga whakamutunga o te "nanoprecision" i roto i te hanga semiconductor, ahakoa he hapa iti rawa i roto i ngā taputapu tapahi wafer ka taea te huri i te maramara hei para. Ko te turanga granite te toa ngaro e whakahaere ana i te tika o te tūnga ±5um, e tuhi anō ana i ngā ture o te hanga tika me ōna mea whakamiharo taiao e toru.
Te "pūnga whakau" ki te ārai i te whakarerekētanga wera: Ko te tauwehenga o te whānui wera o te karāhe he iti iho i te 5-7 ×10⁻⁶/℃, he kotahi hautoru noa iho tēnei o te pānga o ngā rauemi whakarewa. I raro i te pānga wera i puta mai i te mahi tere o te taputapu tapahi wafer, ka rerekē ngā rauemi noa nā te whānui me te whakahekenga wera, ka neke te tūnga o te pane tapahi. Heoi, ka taea e te turanga karāhe te noho "kore e neke", ka whakakore i te rerekētanga tūnga i puta mai i te whakarerekētanga wera, ā, ka whakatakoto i te turanga pakari mō te tika.
Te "whakangungu puku" o te mimiti wiri: Ko te haruru tonu o ngā taputapu mīhini me te wiri tonu o ngā taputapu i roto i te awheawhe ka taea te kī he "kaikōhuru whakamate" ki te tika. Ko te hanganga karaihe ahurei o te karāhe he rite ki te mimiti wiri taiao, ka taea te huri tere i ngā wiri o waho me ngā wiri miihini i puta mai i te mahi taputapu hei pūngao wera hei whakamarara. Ahakoa kei te "wiriwiri" tonu ētahi atu turanga nā te wiri, kua hangaia e te turanga karāhe he papa pumau mō te pane tapahi e noho kore nekehanga ana, e taea ai te tika ±5um.
"Pa Tūturu" Ātete-Waikura: Kī tonu ngā awheawhe hiko-whakarewa i ngā matū waikura pērā i ngā otinga whakairo me ngā kaihoroi waikawa me te kawakore. I roto i tēnei taiao, ka waikura haere, ka rerekē hoki ngā turanga whakarewa. Ko te karāneti, me tōna pumau matū, kāore e tauhohe ki ēnei matū. Ahakoa te maha o ngā tau e whakamahia ana, ka taea e ia te pupuri i te hanganga tika me te whakarite tonu i te tapahi tino tika.
Mai i te pūkenga rauemi ki te tukatuka tino tika, kua whakaatu te turanga karāhe me tōna kaha kāore e taea e ngā rauemi katoa te whakatutuki i ngā wero uaua o te hanga haurua-ā-ira. Nā ēnei painga taiao kore e taea te whakakapi i noho ai ngā turanga karāhe hei mea matua mō ngā taputapu tapahi wafer kia tutuki ai te tika o te tūnga o te ±5um, ā, kua akiakihia anō te umanga haurua-ā-ira kia neke tonu ki te tika teitei ake!
Wā tuku: Mei-14-2025