Tuatahi, ngā painga o te turanga karāhe
1. Te pakari me te pumau teitei
He nui te mātotoru o te karāhe (2.6-3.1g /cm³), ā, ka taea e te modulus a Young (modulus elastic) te eke ki te 50-100 GPa, he nui ake i te maitai noa (tata ki te 200 GPa), engari nā tōna hanganga tioata isotropic, tata kore e rerekē te āhua kirihou ina whakamahia mō te wā roa. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rauemi whakarewa, he tino iti te tauwehenga whānui wera o te karāhe (tata ki te 5×10⁻⁶/℃), ka taea tonu te pupuri i te pumau o te āhua i roto i te taiao piki me te heke o te pāmahana, ā, ka ārai i te pānga o te whakahekenga makariri ki te tika o ngā taputapu.
2. He mahi whakaiti wiri tino pai
He nui te whakamāmā o roto o te hanganga karaihe o roto o te karāhe, ka taea te mimiti i te wiri auau teitei me te whakaiti i te āhuatanga haruru. Ki te whakatauritea ki te turanga whakarewa, he kaha ake te kaha whakaiti wiri o te karāhe i te awhe o te 20Hz-1kHz, e whakarato ana i te taiao tīmatanga "ma" ake mō te pūnaha wehe wiri hohe me te whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te mana whakahaere hohe i muri mai.
3. Ātete ki te waikura, kore-aukume, whānui te whakamahinga
He pumau te matū o te karāhe, he ātete ki te waikura waikawa me te kawakore, kāore e waikura, e whakapōrearea rānei, he pai mō te rūma ma, te haumākū nui, te taiao waikura rānei. Hei tāpiri, he rauemi kore-aukume te karāhe, kāore e pokanoa ki ngā taputapu tika (pēnei i te karu hiko, ngā taputapu ine aukume, me ētahi atu), he pai mō ngā whakamahinga tairongo hiko.
4. He roa te ora ratonga, he iti te utu tiaki
He teitei te pakeke o te karāhe (te pakeke o Mohs 6-7), he ātete ki te kakahu, he uaua ki te kakahu, ki te whakarerekē rānei i te āhua o te whakamahinga mō te wā roa, ā, neke atu i te 20 tau te roa o te ora o te mahi. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rauemi whakarewa, kāore e hiahiatia he maimoatanga ārai-waikura, he whakahinuhinu rānei, ā, he tino iti ngā utu tiaki.
5. Te papatahi me te mutunga o te mata
Mā te huri me te oro tika, ka taea te papatahi o te turanga karāhe ki te 0.005mm/m², me te taratara o te mata Ra≤0.2μm, kia tino pai ai te uru ki ngā taputapu tika (pēnei i te tūāpapa whatu, te ine whakawhiti taiaho) me te whakaiti i ngā hapa huihuinga.
Tuarua, ngā ngoikoretanga o te turanga karāhe
1. He taumaha nui, he uaua ki te kawe me te tāuta
He nui te mātotoru o te karāhe, ā, he taumaha ake i te konumohe, i te maitai rānei i te rahi ōrite, nā reira me whakamahi taputapu motuhake (pērā i ngā forklifts, i ngā taputapu hiki) hei whakahaere me te tāuta i ngā papaaho nui, ā, ka piki ake ngā utu whakatinanatanga.
2. He pakarukaru teitei, he ātete pānga ngoikore
Ahakoa he tino pakeke te karāneti, he mea pakarukaru, ā, ka pakarukaru pea, ka hinga rānei ina pāngia e te pānga kaha (pēnei i te hinganga, te tukinga rānei). Nō reira, me tino tupato i te wā e kawe ana, e tāuta ana hoki kia kore ai e wiri nui, e pāngia rānei.
3. He uaua te tukatuka, ā, he nui te utu whakaritenga
Ko te tukatuka i te karāneti me whakamahi i ngā taputapu mīhini motuhake (pērā i te mīhini whakairo kōhatu CNC) me ngā taputapu taimana, ā, he puhoi te tere tukatuka, ka hua ake he utu nui mō te whakaritenga o ngā hanganga uaua (pērā i ngā kōhao miro, ngā awaawa āhua motuhake) me te huringa tuku roa.
4. Ka pā mai pea ngā kapiti iti i ngā huringa ohorere o te pāmahana
Ahakoa he pai te pumau o te karāhe i te wera, ki te tūtaki ki ngā huringa pāmahana tino nui (pērā i te neke tere mai i te taiao pāmahana iti ki te taiao pāmahana teitei), ka puta pea ngā kapiti iti o te ahotea i roto, ā, ka pā pea te kohikohinga roa ki te kaha o te hanganga. Nō reira, me tūpato te whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao he nui ngā rerekētanga pāmahana.
5. Kāore he whakarewa, he tukatuka tuarua rānei
Ka taea te whakarerekē i te turanga whakarewa mā te whakarewa, mā te miihini rānei, engari ina oti te hanga o te karāhe, kua tata kore e taea te mahi i ngā whakarerekētanga hanganga (pēnei i te keri, te tapahi), nō reira me whakamahere tika te wāhanga hoahoa kia kore ai e whakarerekētia i muri mai.
Wā tuku: 11 Paenga-whāwhā 2025