Ko te hiahia tonu ki te whakaitiiti me te mahi i roto i ngā hangarau hou—mai i ngā papa whakaatu matatau ki ngā taputapu pūtaiao hou—kua panaia ngā rohe o ngā rauemi hangarau tuku iho. I roto i te whai i te tika iti-micron me te taumata nanometer, kei te tahuri tonu ngā kaihangarau ki tētahi rauemi kua tino pai ake i roto i ngā mano tau o te whenua: te karāhe tūturu. Ko tēnei kohatu āhua iti kua waiho hei tūāpapa mō ngā taputapu e hanga ana i tō tātou heke mai mamati.
Ko te hiahia mō te pumau me te tika i roto i ngā rāngai pēnei i te hanga semiconductor me te ine matatau e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o ngā wāhanga karāhe tino tika. He rerekē ki ngā konganuku, he tino ngāwari ki te whakawhānui me te wiri, ka tukuna e te karāhe pango he ranunga ahurei o ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana e hanga ana i te taiao tino tika mō ngā mahi tino tika.
Te Pūtake o te Hangarau Whakaaturanga Papatahi
Ko te hanganga o ngā panera whakaaturanga hou—ina koa ko ērā e hangai ana ki ngā hangarau Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) me Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon (LTPS)—e hiahiatia ana he mīhini ka taea te pupuri i te papatahi me te tika o te tūnga ki runga i ngā wāhi whānui. Koinei te wāhi e tino hira ai ngā wāhanga miihini karāhe mō te a-Si Array me te karāhe tino tika mō ngā taputapu LTPS Array.
I te wā e whakaputa ana i ngā papa karaihe whānui mō ngā whakaaturanga, ahakoa te iti rawa o te rerekētanga o te hanganga o te mīhini ka taea te huri hei hapa utu nui me te ngaronga hua. Ko te iti rawa o te tauwehenga whakawhanui wera o te karāhe (tata ki te haurua o te maitai) ka whakarite kia mau tonu te hanganga mīhini ahakoa ngā huringa iti o te pāmahana i roto i te taiao rūma ma. Hei tāpiri, ko tōna kaha whakamātao ā-roto tino pai - he nui ake i te rino maka, i te maitai rānei - he mea nui mō te whakakore i ngā wiri moroiti. Ko ēnei wiri, e kore e kitea e te tangata, ka taea te kino ki te mahi whakairo, te whakairo, te whakatakotoranga rānei e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā transistors me ngā ara iahiko iti i runga i te rarangi. Mā te tere o te whakakorenga i ēnei kaha, ka whakarite ngā turanga karāhe, ngā kurupae, me ngā wāhanga gantry kia neke ngā wāhanga tairongo me te wai, te tika e hiahiatia ana mō te hanga nui-rahi, hua-nui o ngā whakaaturanga teitei-taumira.
Nā te pakari ā-roto o te karāhe, ka taea e ngā wāhanga mīhini te tautoko i ngā kawenga taumaha—pērā i ngā pūnaha gantry nui, ngā rūma korehau, me ngā pane tukatuka—me te iti o te piko, kia rite ai te mahi puta noa i te anga mahi katoa.
Te Whakahohe i te Kitenga Pūtaiao Tuturu mā te Ine Ine
Haunga te hanga, he mea nui ngā āhuatanga ahurei o te karāhe tino tika i roto i ngā rangahau pūtaiao taketake me te ine ine. Ko tētahi tauira pai ko tōna tūranga i roto i ngā taputapu tātari taumira teitei, inā koa ko te karāhe tino tika mō ngā taputapu XRD (X-ray Diffraction).
He tikanga kaha te Whakarerekētanga hihi-X e whakamahia ana hei whakatau i te hanganga ngota me te hanganga ngota o te tioata. He mea whakamiharo te tika e hiahiatia ana mō te goniometer—te taputapu e huri ana i te tauira me te pūoko hihi-X. Ko tetahi nekehanga, ko tetahi wiri rānei e pā ana ki te koki o te taunga mai, te kimi rānei, ka taea te whakakorekore i ngā raraunga uaua e kohia ana.
Me noho kore he paheketanga wera o te tūāpapa ine o tētahi pūnaha XRD kounga teitei, ā, me kaha ki te tautoko i ngā huihuinga whatu me ngā miihini matatini me te pumau tino pai. Ka whakaratohia e te karāhe tino tika te papa tohutoro papatahi me te kore e nekeneke te rahi e tika ana mō te whakatutuki i ngā whakataunga koki e hiahiatia ana mō te tātari rauemi matatau. Ko ōna āhuatanga kore-aukume he painga tāpiri, e whakarite ana kia kore ngā pūoko hiko tairongo me ngā pūnaha whakahaere hikohiko i roto i ngā taputapu e pāngia e te aukume toenga, he take noa ki ngā konganuku rino.
Ngā Painga Kore e Taea te Whakakotahi o te Kōhatu Taiao i te Wā Tika
Ehara i te mea tūpono noa te angitu o te karāhe i roto i ēnei tono uaua; he hua tika tēnei nō tōna pūtaiao rauemi ā-roto:
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Te Pūmautanga o te Ahu: Whai muri i te koroheketanga o te whenua mō ngā miriona tau, he ōrite te hanganga o roto o te karāhe pango kounga teitei, ā, he māmā ake te ahotea, ā, kāore e nekeneke ana i roto i te wā, he mea nui tēnei hei pupuri i te whakatikatika.
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He iti te Whānuitanga Wera: Ko tōna iti o te tauhohenga ki ngā huringa pāmahana e pupuri ana i te āhuahanga, he āhuatanga nui mō ngā tukanga tika katoa e mahi ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga whakahaeretia, engari kāore i te tino isothermal.
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Whakaiti i te Wiri: Ko te hanganga kohuke tūturu e whakarato ana i te whakaiti ā-roto tino pai, e pehi ana i te haruru miihini tere ake, me te whai hua ake i ngā konganuku hangai.
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Kore-Waikura, Kore-Aukume: He ātete te karāhe ki te waikura, kāore hoki he aukume, ā, ka māmā ake te tiaki me te whakakore i ngā raruraru wawaotanga aukume ka raru pea i ngā taputapu tairongo.
Mā te whakamahi i ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakatutuki i ngā ātete taumata-micron me te nanometer e tika ana hei whakatairanga i te ngaru hou o te auahatanga hangarau. Ko te nekehanga mai i ngā turanga whakarewa tuku iho ki ngā turanga karāhe papatahi tino-whakairoiro e tohu ana i tētahi panonitanga nui i roto i te hangarau tino-tika—he mōhiotanga mō te pumau pono, i ētahi wā ko ngā rauemi tawhito te mea pai rawa atu. Mō tētahi kamupene e whakapau kaha ana ki te whakatutuki i te tika kore e taea te whakataurite i roto i te a-Si, LTPS, taputapu ine matatau rānei, ehara te karāhe tino tika i te kōwhiringa rauemi noa iho; he mea whakataetae e hiahiatia ana.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-03-2025