He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā turanga karāneti i roto i ngā taputapu tino tika, ngā taputapu whatu, me ngā mīhini hanga nā te mea he tino pakari, he tino pumau, he ātete ki te waikura, he iti hoki te tauwehenga whānui. E pā tika ana te takai me te rokiroki ki te kounga o te hua, te pumau o te kawe, me te roa o te ora. Ka hipokina e te tātaritanga e whai ake nei te kōwhiringa rauemi takai, ngā tikanga takai, ngā whakaritenga taiao rokiroki, me ngā mahi ārai i te whakahaere, ā, ka whakaratohia he otinga pūnaha.
1. Kōwhiringa Rauemi Tākai
Ngā Rauemi Paparanga Tiaki
Papa Ārai-Rakuraku: Whakamahia he kiriata ārai-pūmau PE (polyethylene) PP (polypropylene) rānei, he matotoru ≥ 0.5mm. He maeneene te mata, ā, kāore he poke hei ārai i ngā rakuraku i te mata o te karāhe.
Paparanga Ārai: Whakamahia he pahuka EPE (pahuka pērara) te pahuka EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) kiato teitei, he matotoru ≥ 30mm me te kaha pēhi ≥ 50kPa hei ātete pai ki te pānga.
Anga Pūmau: Whakamahia he anga rakau, he anga konumohe rānei, he ātete ki te makuku (i runga i ngā pūrongo tūturu) ā, he ātete hoki ki te waikura, me te whakarite kia tutuki te kaha i ngā whakaritenga amo kawenga (ko te kaha kawenga e taunakitia ana ≥ 5 ngā wā o te taumaha turanga).
Ngā Rauemi Tākai o Waho
Pouaka Rākau: Ngā pouaka papa rakau kore-whakapūngā, matotoru ≥ 15mm, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga IPPC, me te pepa konumohe ātete-makuku (i runga i te pūrongo tūturu) kua tāuta ki te pakitara o roto.
Whakakī: Kiriata urunga hau e pai ana mō te taiao, he kāri haehae rānei, me te ōwehenga āputa ≥ 80% hei ārai i te wiri i te wā e kawe ana.
Ngā Rauemi Hiri: Whitiki nairona (kaha kume ≥ 500kg) me te rīpene ā-wai (piri ≥ 5N/25mm).
II. Ngā Whakatakotoranga Tukanga Tākai
Te horoi
Horoia te mata o raro ki te kakahu kore puehu kua toua ki te waipiro isopropyl hei tango i te hinu me te puehu. Me tutuki te ma o te mata i ngā paerewa ISO Class 8.
Te Whakamaroke: Whakamarokehia ki te hau, horoia rānei ki te hau pēhi ma (te ira tomairangi ≤ -40°C) hei ārai i te makuku.
Tākai Tiaki
Tākai Kiriata Ārai-Patū: Whakamahia ai te tukanga "tākai katoa + hiri wera", me te whānui taupoki o ≥ 30mm me te pāmahana hiri wera o 120-150°C hei whakarite i te hiri piri.
Whakaruruhau: Ka tapahia te pahuka EPE kia rite ki te āhua o te turanga, kātahi ka herea ki te turanga mā te whakamahi i te kāpia e pai ana mō te taiao (kaha piri ≥ 8 N/cm²), me te āputa taha ≤ 2mm.
Tākai Anga
Huinga Anga Rākau: Whakamahia ngā hononga mortise me te tenon, ngā pūtu kōwiri rānei hei hononga, me ngā āputa kua whakakīia ki te hiri silicone. Me nui ake te rahi o roto o te anga i te 10-15mm i te rahi o waho o te turanga.
Anga Konumohe: Whakamahia ngā whāriki koki mō te hononga, me te matotoru o te pakitara anga ≥ 2mm me te maimoatanga mata kua whakakikoruatia (te matotoru o te kiriata waikura ≥ 15μm).
Te Whakakaha i te Tākai o Waho
Tākai Pouaka Rākau: Whai muri i te whakatakotoranga o te turanga ki roto i te pouaka rakau, ka whakakīia te kiriata urunga hau huri noa i te taha. Ka tāutahia ngā ārai kokonga āhua-L ki ngā taha e ono o te pouaka, ā, ka mau ki ngā whao rino (diameter ≥ 3mm).
Tapanga: Whakapirihia ngā tapanga whakatūpato (ātete-makuku (i runga i ngā pūrongo tūturu), ātete-ru, me te pakarukaru) ki te taha waho o te pouaka. Me ≥ 100mm x 100mm te rahi o ngā tapanga, ā, me hanga ki te rauemi kanapa.
III. Ngā Whakaritenga Taiao Rokiroki
Te Mana Whakahaere Pāmahana me te Makuku
Awhe pāmahana: 15-25°C, me te piki me te heke o te ≤±2°C/24h hei ārai i te pakaru moroiti i puta mai i te whānui me te whakahekenga wera.
Whakahaere Makuku: Makuku whanaunga 40-60%, he tātari ā-ahumahi (i runga i ngā hua haumanu, me te rōrahi motuhake o ≥50L/rā) hei ārai i te huarere i puta mai i te tauhohenga kawakore-hiriwa.
Te Horoi Taiao
Me tutuki i te wāhi rokiroki ngā paerewa horoi o te ISO Class 7 (10,000), me te kukū matūriki e rere ana i te rangi he ≤352,000 matūriki/m³ (≥0.5μm).
Te Whakarite Papa: Papa whakaōrite-ake epoxy me te mātotoru ≥0.03g/cm² (wira CS-17, 1000g/500r), ātete puehu taumata F.
Ngā Whakatakotoranga Whakatakotoranga
Whakatakotoranga paparanga-kotahi: ≥50mm te tawhiti i waenga i ngā turanga hei whakahaere i te hauhautanga me te tirotiro.
Te whakarārangi paparanga maha: ≤ 3 ngā paparanga, ko te paparanga o raro e pikau ana i te kawenga ≥ 1.5 ngā wā o te taumaha katoa o ngā paparanga o runga. Whakamahia he papa rakau (≥ 50mm te matotoru) hei wehewehe i ngā paparanga.
IV. Ngā Whakatūpato mō te Whakahaere
Te Whakahaere Pūmau
Te Whakahaere ā-Ringa: E whā ngā tāngata e mahi tahi ana, e mau ana i ngā karapu kore-paheke, e whakamahi ana i ngā kapu momi (≥ 200kg te kaha momi) me ngā taura rānei (≥ 5 te tauwehe pumau).
Te Whakahaere Ā-Mīhini: Whakamahia he forklift waipēhi, he kerēne rānei, me te pūwāhi hiki kei roto i te ±5% o te pokapū taumaha o te turanga, me te tere hiki ≤ 0.2m/s.
Ngā Tirotiro Auau
Tirotiro Āhua: Ia marama, ko te nuinga o te wā ka tirotirohia mēnā he kino ki te paparanga tiaki, he rerekētanga o te anga, me te pirau o te pouaka rakau.
Whakamātautau Anō Tika: Ia hauwhā, mā te whakamahi i te ine whakawhiti taiaho hei tirotiro i te papatahi (≤ 0.02mm/m) me te poutū (≤ 0.03mm/m).
Ngā Mahi Āwhati
Te pakaru o te paparanga tiaki: Hiritia tonutia ki te rīpene ārai-pūmau (≥ 3N/cm te piri) ka whakakapia ki tētahi kiriata hou i roto i ngā hāora 24.
Mena ka nui ake te haumākū i te paerewa: Whakahohehia ngā inenga whai huatanga haumanu motuhake, ka tuhi i ngā raraunga. Ka taea te tīmata anō te rokiroki i muri i te hokinga o te haumākū ki te awhe noa.
V. Ngā Taunakitanga mō te Arotau Rokiroki mō te Wā Roa
Ka whakatakotoria ngā papa Aukati Waikura Kohu (VCI) ki roto i te pouaka rakau hei tuku i ngā mea aukati waikura me te whakahaere i te waikura o te anga whakarewa.
Aroturuki Atamai: Whakatūria ngā pūoko pāmahana me te haumākū (tika ±0.5°C, ±3%RH) me tētahi tūāpapa IoT mō te aroturuki mamao 24/7.
Tākai Ka Taea te Whakamahi Anō: Whakamahia he anga konumohe takai me te arai urunga ka taea te whakakapi, ka whakaitihia ngā utu tākai mā te neke atu i te 30%.
Mā te whiriwhiri rauemi, te takai paerewa, te rokiroki tupato, me te whakahaere hihiri, ka mau tonu te mahi pumau o te turanga karāhe i te wā e rokiroki ana, ka pupuri i te reiti kino o te kawe waka i raro i te 0.5%, ā, ka roa ake te wā rokiroki ki te neke atu i te 5 tau.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-10-2025