E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā wāhanga karāneti i roto i te ao hanga tino tika, ko te papatahi te tohu matua, ā, ka pā tika ki tana mahi me te kounga o te hua. E whai ake nei he whakataki taipitopito ki te tikanga, ngā taputapu me te tukanga mō te kimi i te papatahi o ngā wāhanga karāneti.
I. Ngā tikanga kimi
1. Tikanga pokanoa karaihe papatahi: he pai mō te kimi papatahi o ngā wāhanga karāhe tino tika, pērā i te turanga taputapu whatu, te tūāpapa ine tino tika, me ētahi atu. Ka piri tata te karaihe papatahi (te wāhanga karāhe whatu he tino papatahi) ki te wāhanga karāhe hei tirotiro i runga i te papa, mā te whakamahi i te kaupapa pokanoa ngaru mārama, ina haere te mārama mā roto i te karaihe papatahi me te mata o te wāhanga karāhe hei hanga i ngā rārangi pokanoa. Mena he tino papatahi te papa o te mema, he rārangi tika whakarara ngā taniko pokanoa me te tawhiti ōrite; Mena he kōpikopiko te papa, ka piko te taniko ka huri. E ai ki te tohu piko me te tawhiti o ngā taniko, ka tatauhia te hapa papatahi e te tātai. Ka taea te tika ki te nanometer, ā, ka taea te kite tika i te peka iti o te papa.
2. Tikanga ine taumata hiko: he maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā wāhanga karāhe nui, pērā i te moenga taputapu mīhini, te papa tukatuka gantry nui, me ētahi atu. Ka whakatakotoria te taumata hiko ki runga i te mata o te wāhanga karāhe hei tīpako i te pūwāhi ine me te neke i te ara ine motuhake. Ka ine te taumata hiko i te huringa o te koki i waenganui i a ia anō me te ahunga o te kaha ā-papa i te wā tūturu mā te pūoko ā-roto, ka huri hei raraunga rerekētanga taumata. I te wā e ine ana, me hanga he whatunga ine, tīpako i ngā pūwāhi ine i tētahi tawhiti i roto i ngā ahunga X me Y, ka tuhi i ngā raraunga o ia pūwāhi. Mā te tātari i te pūmanawa tukatuka raraunga, ka taea te whakauru i te papatahi o te mata o ngā wāhanga karāhe, ā, ka taea e te tika o te ine te eke ki te taumata micron, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te kite papatahi o ngā wāhanga nui i roto i te nuinga o ngā tirohanga ahumahi.
3. Tikanga kimi CMM: ka taea te kimi papatahi whānui i ngā wāhanga karāhe āhua uaua, pērā i te papa karāhe mō ngā pokepoke āhua motuhake. Ka neke te CMM i roto i te wāhi toru-ahu mā roto i te tirotiro ka pā ki te mata o te wāhanga karāhe hei tiki i ngā taunga o ngā pūwāhi ine. Ka tohatohahia ngā pūwāhi ine ki runga i te papa wāhanga, ā, ka hangaia te whatunga ine. Ka kohia aunoa e te taputapu ngā raraunga taunga o ia pūwāhi. Mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa ine ngaio, e ai ki ngā raraunga taunga hei tatau i te hapa papatahi, ehara i te mea ka taea te kite i te papatahi anake, engari ka taea hoki te tiki i te rahi o te wāhanga, te āhua me te manawanui tūranga me ētahi atu mōhiohio maha-ahu, he rerekē te tika o te ine i runga i te tika o te taputapu, i waenga i te torutoru maikorona ki te tekau maikorona, he tino ngāwari, he pai mō ngā momo kitenga wāhanga karāhe.
II. Te whakarite i ngā taputapu whakamātautau
1. Tioata papatahi tino tika: Tīpakohia te tioata papatahi tino tika e rite ana ki ngā whakaritenga tika o te kitenga o ngā wāhanga karāhe, pērā i te kitenga o te papatahi nano me whiriwhiri he tioata papatahi tino tika me te hapa papatahi i roto i ētahi nanometa, ā, me nui ake te diameter o te tioata papatahi i te rahi iti rawa o te wāhanga karāhe hei tirotirohia, kia tino kapi katoa te rohe kitenga.
2. Taumata Hiko: Kōwhiria he taumata hiko e tutuki ana te tika o te ine i ngā hiahia kimi, pērā i te taumata hiko me te tika o te ine o te 0.001mm/m, e tika ana mō te kimi tino tika. I taua wā anō, ka whakaritea he turanga tēpu aukume e ōrite ana hei āwhina i te taumata hiko kia piri pai ki te mata o te wāhanga karāhe, tae atu ki ngā taura kohikohi raraunga me ngā pūmanawa kohikohi raraunga rorohiko, kia tutuki ai te tuhi me te tukatuka i ngā raraunga ine i te wā tūturu.
3. Taputapu ine taunga: E ai ki te rahi o ngā wāhanga karāhe, me whiriwhiri te uauatanga o te āhua i te rahi e tika ana mō te taputapu ine taunga. Me whai ine whiu nui ngā wāhanga nui, engari me whai taputapu me ngā ine tika me te pūmanawa ine kaha ngā āhua uaua. I mua i te kitenga, ka whakatikatikaina te CMM kia tika ai te ine me te tūnga taunga.
III. Te tukanga whakamātautau
1. Te tukanga ine ine i te karaihe papatahi:
◦ Horoia te mata o ngā wāhanga karāhe e tirotirohia ana me te mata tioata papatahi, murua ki te etanoru waikore hei tango i te puehu, te hinu me ētahi atu poke, kia tino piri pai ai ngā mea e rua, ā, kāore he āputa.
Āta whakatakotoria te tioata papatahi ki runga i te mata o te wāhanga karāhe, ka pēhi mārire kia tino pā te rua kia kore ai e mirumiru, e piko rānei.
◦ I roto i te taiao rūma pōuri, ka whakamahia he pūtake mārama kotahi-tae (pērā i te rama konutai) hei whakamārama poutū i te tioata papatahi, hei tirotiro i ngā taniko whakararuraru mai i runga, hei tuhi hoki i te āhua, te ahunga me te nui o te piko o ngā taniko.
◦ I runga i ngā raraunga taha whakararuraru, tatauhia te hapa papatahi mā te whakamahi i te tātai e tika ana, ka whakataurite ki ngā whakaritenga ātete papatahi o te wāhanga hei whakatau mēnā he tika.
2. Te tukanga ine taumata hiko:
◦ Ka tuhia he mata ine ki te mata o te wāhanga karāhe hei whakatau i te wāhi o te pūwāhi ine, ā, ka whakatakotoria te tawhiti o ngā pūwāhi ine tata kia rite ki te rahi me te tika o te wāhanga, ko te tikanga 50-200mm.
◦ Tāutahia he taumata hiko ki runga i te turanga tēpu aukume, ka tāpiri atu ki te pūwāhi tīmatanga o te whatunga ine. Tīmatahia te taumata hiko, ka tuhia te taumata tīmatanga i muri i te pumau o ngā raraunga.
◦ Nekehia te taumata hiko i ia pūwāhi i te ara ine, ka tuhi i ngā raraunga taumata i ia pūwāhi ine kia inehia rā anō ngā pūwāhi ine katoa.
◦ Kawemaihia ngā raraunga ine ki roto i te pūmanawa tukatuka raraunga, whakamahia te tikanga tapawhā iti rawa me ētahi atu rauropi hei whakauru i te papatahi, whakaputahia te pūrongo hapa papatahi, ā, aromatawaihia mēnā kei te eke te papatahi o te wāhanga ki te paerewa.
3. Te tukanga kimi o te CMM:
◦ Whakatakotoria te wāhanga karāhe ki runga i te tēpu mahi CMM, ā, whakamahia te taputapu hei whakapiri kia mau ai kia kore ai te wāhanga e nekeneke i te wā e ine ana.
◦ E ai ki te āhua me te rahi o te wāhanga, ka whakamaheretia te ara ine i roto i te pūmanawa ine hei whakatau i te tohatoha o ngā pūwāhi ine, kia kapi katoa ai te papa e tirotirohia ana, kia ōrite hoki te tohatoha o ngā pūwāhi ine.
◦ Tīmatahia te CMM, nekehia te pūwero kia rite ki te ara kua whakaritea, whakapā atu ki ngā pūwāhi ine mata o te wāhanga karāhe, ka kohia aunoa ngā raraunga taunga o ia pūwāhi.
◦ Kia oti te ine, ka tātarihia, ka tukatukahia hoki e te pūmanawa ine ngā raraunga taunga kua kohia, ka tatau i te hapa papatahi, ka whakaputa i tētahi pūrongo whakamātautau, ā, ka whakatau mēnā kei te tutuki te papatahi o te wāhanga i te paerewa.
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Wā tuku: Maehe-28-2025