I roto i te mara o te hanga tika, te ine ine, me te tirotiro kounga, ka pā tika te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu ine tohutoro ki te tika o te whakamātautau hua. Ko ngā papa māpere me ngā papa karāhe he mata tohutoro tika e rua e whakamahia whānuitia ana, engari he maha ngā kaihoko me ngā kaimahi e whakapoauau ana i a rāua nā te āhua ōrite. Hei kaiwhakarato ngaio o ngā otinga ine tika, e whakapau kaha ana a ZHHIMG ki te āwhina i ngā kiritaki o te ao ki te whakamārama i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ēnei hua e rua, kia taea ai e koe te whakatau hoko whai whakaaro ake mō ō hiahia tono motuhake.
1. Ngā Rerekētanga Taketake: Te Takenga Mai me Ngā Āhuatanga Matawhenua
Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā papa māpere me ngā papa karāneti kei roto i te tukanga hanganga whenua o ā rāua rauemi mata, e whakatau ana i ō rāua āhuatanga ā-tinana me ā-matū, ā, e whai pānga ana hoki ki tā rāua mahi i roto i ngā horopaki ine tika.
1.1 Māpere: He toka āhua-whakaahua me te āhua ahurei me te pumau
- Whakarōpūtanga Ā-Ao: He toka āhua-whakaahua noa te māpere. Ka puta mai i te wā e huri ai ngā toka taketake o te whenua (pērā i te kōhatu, te dolomite) i raro i te pāmahana teitei, te pēhanga teitei, me te urunga mai o ngā wai whai kohuke ki roto i te papa o te whenua. Mā tēnei tukanga hurihanga ka puta ngā huringa tae atu ki te whakakōhatu anō, te whakarerekētanga o te kakano, me te rerekētanga o te tae, ka puta te āhua motuhake o te māpere.
- Te Hanganga o te Kohuke: Ko te māpere tūturu he kōhatu pakeke-waenga (Mohs hardness: 3-4) he mea hanga te nuinga mai i te calcite, te limestone, te serpentine, me te dolomite. He maha ngā tauira uaua e kitea ana me ngā hanganga kōhatu kohuke e kitea ana, e hanga ana i ia wahi māpere kia ahurei te āhua.
- Ngā Āhuatanga Matua mō ngā Whakamahinga Ine:
- Te pumau o ngā āhuatanga: Whai muri i te koroheketanga tūturu mō te wā roa, ka tukuna katoatia ngā ahotea o roto, kia kore ai e rerekē te āhua ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao o roto e pumau ana.
- Ātete ki te waikura me te kore-aukumetanga: Ātete ki ngā waikawa ngoikore me ngā kawakore, kore-aukumetanga, ā, kāore e waikura, ka karo i te pokanoa ki ngā taputapu tika (hei tauira, ngā taputapu ine aukumetanga).
- Mata maeneene: He iti te taratara o te mata (Ra ≤ 0.8μm i muri i te huri tika), e whakarato ana i te tohutoro papatahi mō te tirotiro tino tika.
1.2 Granite: He toka mura, he pakari, he pakari hoki
- Whakarōpūtanga Matawhenua: Nō te toka mura te karāneti (e mōhiotia ana ko te toka magmatic). Ka puta mai i te wā e mātao ana te magma rewa i raro i te whenua, ā, ka mārō haere. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka uru ngā hau kohuke me ngā wai ki roto i te anga toka, ka hanga he tioata hou, ā, ka puta he rerekētanga tae rerekē (hei tauira, hina, mangu, whero).
- Te Hanganga o te Kohuke: Ko te karāneti tūturu he "toka mura uru waikawa" ā, koinei te momo toka mura tino horapa. He kohatu mārō (Mohs hardness: 6-7) he hanganga matotoru, kiato. I runga i te rahi o te kōhatu, ka taea te whakarōpū kia toru ngā momo: pegmatite (he kōhatu matotoru), he karāneti he kōhatu matotoru, me te karāneti he kōhatu pai.
- Ngā Āhuatanga Matua mō ngā Whakamahinga Ine:
- Ātete tino pai ki te kakahu: Mā te hanganga kohuke matotoru ka iti te kakahu o te mata ahakoa te whakamahinga roa.
- Tauwehenga whānui wera iti: Kāore e pāngia e ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana i roto i te awheawhe, e pupuri tonu ana i te pumau o te tika o te ine.
- Ātete pānga (e pā ana ki te māpere): Ahakoa kāore e pai mō ngā pānga nui, he iti noa ngā rua ka puta (kāore he kohao, he kōhao rānei) ina waruhia, kia kore ai e kino te tika o te ine.
2. Whakataurite Mahi: Ko tēhea te mea e pai ake ana mō tō horopaki?
He tino tika ngā papa māpere me te papa karāneti, engari nā ō rāua āhuatanga ahurei ka pai ake ai mō ngā momo whakamahinga rerekē. Kei raro nei he whakataurite taipitopito hei āwhina i a koe ki te kimi i te hua tika mō ō hiahia.
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| Tohu Mahi | Papa Māpere | Papa Granite |
| Te mārō (tauine Mohs) | 3-4 (Waenga-mārō) | 6-7 (Uaua) |
| Ātete ki te Pakaru o te Mata | Pai (he pai mō te tirotiro i ngā kawenga māmā) | Tino pai (he pai mō te whakamahi auau teitei) |
| Te Pūmautanga Wera | Pai (te tauwehenga whānui iti) | Pai rawa atu (iti rawa te aro ki te pāmahana) |
| Ātete Pānga | Iti (ka pakaru pea i raro i te pānga nui) | He āhua noa iho (he iti noa ngā poka i puta mai i ngā karawarawa iti) |
| Ātete ki te Waikura | Ātete ki ngā waikawa ngoikore/kawakore | Ātete ki te nuinga o ngā waikawa/kawakore (he ātete teitei ake i te māpere) |
| Āhua Ataahua | He uaua whai kiko (he pai mō ngā teihana mahi e kitea ana) | Kakano ngawari (māmā, āhua ahumahi) |
| Ngā horopaki tono | Te whakatikatika taputapu tika, te tirotiro i ngā wāhanga mārama, te whakamātautau taiwhanga | Te tirotiro i ngā wāhanga mīhini taumaha, te ine auau teitei, ngā raina whakaputa awheawhe |
3. Tohutohu Whaihua: Me pēhea te wehewehe i a rātou i te papaanga?
Mō ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana ki te manatoko i te pono o te hua i te papaanga, i te wā rānei e tirotirohia ana te tauira, mā ēnei tikanga māmā e whai ake nei koe e āwhina ki te wehewehe wawe i ngā papa māpere me ngā papa karāhe:
- 1. Whakamātautau Pakeke: Whakamahia he kōnae maitai hei waru i te taha o te papa (mata kāore i te inehia). Ka waiho e te māpere he tohu karawarawa mārama, engari ko te karāneti he iti noa iho, kāore rānei he karawarawa.
- 2. Whakamātautau Waikawa: Ringihia he iti o te waikawa hauwaiwai waimeha ki runga i te mata. Ka tauhohe kaha te māpere (he nui te konupūmā) (ka pupuhi), engari kāore te karāneti (ko ngā kohuke silicate te nuinga) e whakaatu i te tauhohenga.
- 3. Tirohanga Ātaahua: He rerekē ngā tauira uaua o te māpere (pērā i ngā kakano kōhatu tūturu), ko te karāneti ia he tioata kohuke marara, he kirikiri (kāore he uaua e kitea).
- 4. Whakataurite Taumaha: I raro i te rahi me te matotoru ōrite, he taumaha ake te karāneti (kiato ake) i te māpere. Hei tauira, he papa 1000×800×100mm: he ~200kg te taumaha o te karāneti, ā, ~180kg te taumaha o te māpere.
4. Ngā Otinga Pūhara Tika a ZHHIMG: I Whakaritea ki ngā Hiahia o te Ao
Hei kaihanga matua mō ngā taputapu ine tika, ka whakaratohia e ZHHIMG ngā papa māpere me te karāneti me te mana whakahaere kounga tino pakari kia tutuki ai ngā paerewa o te ao (ISO 8512-1, DIN 876). Ko ngā āhuatanga o ā mātou hua:
- Teitei o te Tika: Te papatahi o te mata tae atu ki te Wāhanga 00 (hapa ≤ 3μm/m) i muri i te huri me te tāmi tika.
- Whakaritenga: Tautoko mō ngā rahi ritenga (mai i te 300×200mm ki te 4000×2000mm) me te keri poka/whakapiri miro mō te tāutanga o ngā taputapu.
- Tiwhikete Ao: Kua paahitia e ngā hua katoa ngā whakamātautau SGS (haumarutanga irahiko, hanganga rauemi) kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga a te EU CE me te US FDA.
- Tautoko Whai Muri i te Hoko: 2-tau te whakamana, he kōrero hangarau kore utu, me ngā ratonga tiaki i te papaanga mō ngā kaupapa nui.
Ahakoa he papa māpere tōu e hiahia ana mō te whakatikatika taiwhanga, he papa karāhe rānei mō te tirotiro awheawhe taumaha, mā te tīma miihini o ZHHIMG koe e whakarato ki tētahi otinga kotahi. Whakapā mai ki a mātou i tēnei rā mō tētahi whakatau utu kore utu me te whakamātautau tauira!
Ngā Pātai Auau (FAQ)
Q1: He mōrearea te irahiko kei runga i ngā papa māpere?
A1: Kāo. Ka whiriwhiria e ZHHIMG ngā rauemi mata o te māpere iti-ira (e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa irahiko Akomanga A, ≤0.13μSv/h), he haumaru mō te whakamahi i roto, ā, e tutuki ana hoki i ngā ture taiao o te ao.
P2: Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā papa granite i roto i ngā taiao haumākū nui?
A2: Ae. Ka tukuna ā mātou papa granite ki te maimoatanga ā-wai motuhake (paninga hiri mata), me te tere mimiti makuku ≤0.1% (he iti iho i te toharite ahumahi o te 1%), kia mau tonu ai te pumau i roto i ngā awheawhe makuku.
P3: Kia pēhea te roa o te ora o ngā papa māpere/karaihe a ZHHIMG?
A3: Mā te tiaki tika (te horoi auau ki te hopi horoi koretake, me te karo i ngā pānga kino), ka neke atu i te 10 tau te roa o te ora ratonga, me te pupuri tonu i te tika o te tīmatanga.
Wā tuku: 22 o Ākuhata-2025