I roto i te ao o ngā taputapu tika ahumahi, ko te pumau o te karāhe e whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna hanganga kohuke, ki te kiato hanganga, me ngā tohu mahi ā-tinana (pēnei i te tauwehenga o te whakawhānui wera, te tere mimiti wai, me te kaha pēhi), kaua ki tōna tae tonu. Heoi, he maha ngā wā ka whakaata ā-kore te tae i ngā rerekētanga o te hanganga kohuke me te taiao hanganga. Nō reira, i roto i ngā tono mahi, he pai ake te karāhe o ētahi tae nā te mea he pai ake tana mahi whānui. Koinei te tātaritanga motuhake:
I. Te Hononga Ā-kore i waenga i te Tae me te Pūmautanga
Ko te tae o te karāhe ka whakatauhia e tōna hanganga kohuke, ā, ka pā tika te hanganga kohuke ki ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana:
He kōhatu kanapa te tae (pērā i te mā hina, te māwhero mārama)
Te hanganga o ngā kohuke: Ko te nuinga he quartz me te feldspar (tae atu ki te 60% ki te 80%), me te iti o te mika, te amphibole rānei.
He tino mārō, he kaha te pumau matū, ā, he iti te tauwehenga whānui wera o te kuata (ko te tikanga he 5-8×10⁻⁶/℃), ā, kāore e ngāwari te pāngia e ngā huringa pāmahana.
Ngā Āhuatanga Hanganga: I hangaia i roto i tētahi taiao whenua pumau (pērā i te whakamatao puhoi i te wāhanga papaku o te kirinuku o te Ao), he rite tonu ngā matūriki tioata, he hanganga matotoru, he iti te porowhita (0.3% - 0.7%), he iti te tere mimiti wai (<0.15%), ā, he kaha te ātete ki te whakarerekētanga.
Ngā whakamahinga noa: Ngā taputapu hanga maramara hiko, ngā turanga taputapu whatu tino tika (pēnei i ngā papa mīhini whakaahua-ira), me pupuri tonu te tika o ngā āhuatanga mō te wā roa.
He karāhe pouri (pērā i te pango, te kakariki pouri)
Te hanganga o ngā kohuke: He nui ngā kohuke rino me te konupora (pērā i te amphibole, te biotite, te pyroxene), ā, kei roto hoki ētahi kohuke konganuku taumaha pērā i te magnetite me te ilmenite.
He tino teitei ngā mātotorutanga o te amfibole (kiato 3.0-3.4g/cm³) me te biotite (kiato 2.7-3.1g/cm³), engari he paku teitei ake ō rāua tauwehenga whakawhanuitanga wera i ō te kuata (tae atu ki te 8-12×10⁻⁶/℃), ā, tera pea ka paku rerekē ō rāua hanganga nā te waikura o ngā kohuke kei roto te rino.
Ngā Āhuatanga Hanganga: Ko te nuinga ka hangaia i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei (pērā i te whakamatao tere o te magma hohonu), me ngā matūriki tioata matotoru me ngā rerekētanga nui o te kiato hanganga. Ko ētahi karāhe pouri (pērā i a Jinan Green) he hanganga ōrite ake, he pumau ake nā te kaha o te mahi karāhe me te tukunga katoa o te ahotea o roto.
Ngā whakamahinga noa: Ngā turanga taputapu mīhini taumaha, ngā mīhini ine taunga nui (CMM), me tu atu ki ngā kawenga teitei me te ātete ki te pānga.
II. Ngā Tohu Matua o te Pūmautanga i roto i ngā Āhuatanga Ahumahi
Ahakoa te tae, ko ngā whakaritenga matua mō te karāhe i roto i ngā taputapu tika ahumahi ko:
Te pumau o te wera
Whakanuia te whiriwhiri i ngā momo he iti te tauwehenga o te whakawhānui wera (<8×10⁻⁶/℃) hei karo i te rerekētanga o te tika o ngā taputapu e puta mai ana i ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana. He pai ake te pumau o te wera o ngā karāhe mārama (pērā i te mā o te hīhiama) nā te nui o te quartz.
Te hanganga kiato
Ko te karāneti he iti iho i te 0.5% te poretanga me te tere mimiti wai he iti iho i te 0.1%, kāore e ngāwari ki te mimiti i te makuku, i ngā poke rānei, ā, kāore pea e pirau i te whakamahinga roa. Ko te Jinan Green i roto i te karāneti pouri (he poretanga o te 0.3%) me te Shanxi Black i roto i te karāneti mārama (he poretanga o te 0.2%) e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga o te kiato teitei.
Te kaha miihini
He nui ake te kaha pēhi i te 150MPa, ā, he nui ake te kaha piko i te 12MPa, e whakarite ana i te pumau mō te wā roa o te kawe taputapu tika. Ko te karāhe pango (pērā i te pango Inia) he kaha ake te miihini nā te mea kei roto ngā kohuke rino me te konupora, ā, he pai mō ngā āhuatanga mahi taumaha.
Ātete waikura matū
He kaha te ātete o te kuata me te feldspar ki te waikura waikawa me te kawakore. Nō reira, he pai ake te karāneti mārama (pērā i te hina hīhiama) mō ngā taiao waikura i roto i ngā ahumahi matū me ngā ahumahi haurua-ira.
Iii. Ngā Kōwhiringa Matua me ngā Take i te Marae Ahumahi
Karaehe mārama: Ko te kōwhiringa pai mō ngā āhuatanga tino tika
Ngā momo māngai:
Hīhi Mā: I hangaia ki Fujian, he hina mārama te tae, neke atu i te 70% te nui o te quartz. Ko tōna tauwehenga whānui wera he 6×10⁻⁶/℃. E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā papa mīhini hanga-ira haurua-ira me ngā taputapu tirotiro rererangi.
Jinan Green: He hina pouri, he hanganga ōrite, he kaha pēhi 240MPa, he maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana mō te turanga o ngā mīhini ine taunga (CMM).
Ngā Painga: He pai te ōrite o te tae, e āwhina ana i te whakatikatika ara whatu o ngā taputapu whatu; He iti te whakarerekētanga wera, ā, he pai mō ngā whakaritenga tika taumata nanometer.
Karāhe pouri: He pai ake mō ngā āhuatanga taumaha me te ātete ki te pānga
Ngā momo māngai:
Pīrangi Pango: He pango te tae, kei roto ko te ilmenite, he 3.05g/cm³ te matotoru, ā, he 280MPa te kaha pēhi. E whakamahia ana mō ngā ara ārahi taputapu mīhini taumaha me ngā taputapu hanga waka.
Mangu Mongolian: Kakariki pouri, ko te nuinga he amphibole, he kaha te ātete ki te pānga, e whakamahia ana mō te turanga o ngā taputapu keri.
Ngā Painga: He tino mātotoru, he pakari, he kaha ki te mimiti i te wiri ā-ringa, he pai mō ngā taiao ahumahi taumaha.
Whā. Whakatau: Ehara te tae i te mea whakatau; ko te mahi te kaupapa matua
Tae ≠ pumau: He tino pumau ngā momo karāhe mārama me ngā momo karāhe pouri. Ko te mea nui ko te parakore o te kohuke, te ōritetanga o te hanganga, me ngā tohu ā-tinana.
Te kaupapa urutau tirohanga:
Ngā taputapu whatu/hiko tino tika: Kōwhiria ngā momo tae mārama he nui te ihirangi quartz (pērā i te mā hīhiama), me te whakanui i te pumau o te wera me te tika o te mata.
Mīhini taumaha/mīhini ahumahi: Kōwhiria ngā momo konganuku konupora rino-nui te tae pouri (pērā i te kikorangi o Jinan), me te whakanui i te kaha ā-pūkaha me te ātete ki te pānga.
Whakaaro hoko: Manatokohia ngā tawhā pēnei i te tauwehenga o te whakawhānui wera, te tere mimiti wai, me te kaha pēhi mā roto i ngā pūrongo whakamātautau (pēnei i te GB/T 18601-2020 "Ngā Papa Hanga Granite Taiao"), kaua e whakatau noa mā te tae.
Hei whakamutunga, i roto i te ao ahumahi, ko te whiriwhiri i te karāhe te mea nui ki te mahi, ā, ka tāpirihia ki te tae. Me aromatawai whānuitia me ngā whakaritenga taputapu motuhake me ngā taiao whakamahinga.
Wā tuku: Mei-19-2025