I roto i te mara o ngā mīhini tohu taiaho taumata-piko-hekona, ko te tika te tohu matua mō te aromatawai i te mahi a ngā taputapu. Ko te turanga, hei kaikawe matua mō te pūnaha taiaho me ngā wāhanga tika, ka pā tika tōna rauemi ki te pumau o te tika o te tukatuka. Ko te karāhe me te rino maka, hei rauemi turanga matua e rua, he rerekētanga nui i roto i ngā āhuatanga whakaiti tika i te tukatuka taumata-piko-hekona. Ka tātarihia hohonutia e tēnei tuhinga ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o te mahi o ngā mea e rua hei whakarato i tētahi pūtake pūtaiao mō te whakapai ake i ngā taputapu.
Ko ngā āhuatanga rauemi te pūtake o te tika
Ko te karāneti he toka mura i hangaia i roto i ngā tukanga whenua i roto i ngā rau miriona tau. He matotoru, he ōrite hoki tōna hanganga tioata o roto, me te tauwehenga whānui raina iti iho i te 0.5-8 ×10⁻⁶/℃, he rite ki te koranu tino tika pērā i te maitai indium. Nā tēnei āhuatanga ka tata koretake te huringa o tōna āhua ina rerekē te pāmahana o te taiao, ā, ka ārai i te rerekētanga ara whatu me ngā hapa miihini i puta mai i te whānui me te whakahekenga wera. Hei tāpiri, ko te matotoru o te karāneti he teitei ki te 2.6-2.8g/cm³, he tino pai te kaha mimiti wiri. Ka taea e ia te whakaiti tere i ngā wiri auau teitei i puta i te tukatuka laser, ka whakarite i te pumau o te pūnaha whatu me ngā wāhanga neke.
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā turanga rino maka nā te mea he pai rawa te mahi whakarewa me ngā painga utu. Nā te hanganga karapiti papatahi o te rino maka hina, ka taea e ia te mimiti i te 30% ki te 50% o te kaha wiri. Heoi, ko te tauwehenga o te whakawhānui wera o te rino maka he tata ki te 10-12 ×10⁻⁶/℃, arā, e 2-3 ngā wā i te karāhe. I raro i te kohikohinga o te wera i puta mai i te tukatuka tonu mō te wā roa, ka puta te whakarerekētanga o te āhua. I taua wā, kei roto i te rino maka te ahotea whakarewa. I te mea ka tukuna te ahotea i te wā o te whakamahinga, ka puta pea he huringa kore e taea te huri i te papatahi me te poutū o te turanga.
Te tikanga whakaiti i te tika i roto i te tukatuka taumata-piko-hekona
Mā te tukatuka taiaho pikohekona, me ōna āhuatanga pao poto rawa, ka taea te whakatutuki i te tukatuka pai i te taumata iti-micron, tae noa ki te taumata nanometer, engari he whakaritenga tino pakari anō hoki mō te pumau o te taputapu. Ka taea e te turanga karāhe, me tōna hanganga ā-roto pumau, te whakahaere i te urupare wiri i te taumata iti-micron i raro i te pānga taiaho auau-tiketike, me te pupuri i te tika o te tūnga o te arotahi taiaho. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ine kei te pupuri tonu te mīhini tohu taiaho me te turanga karāhe i te whānui rārangi i roto i te ±0.5μm i muri i te tukatuka pikohekona 8-hāora tonu.
Ina pāngia te turanga rino maka e te wiri auau-teitei o te reera picosecond, ka pāngia te hanganga o roto e te ngenge moroiti nā te pānga tonu, ka heke te pakari o te turanga. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga aroturuki mai i tētahi umanga hanga semiconductor i muri i ngā marama e ono o te mahi, ka eke te tere whakaheke tika tukatuka o ngā taputapu me ngā turanga rino maka ki te 12%, ko te nuinga o te wā ka kitea ko te pikinga o te taratara o ngā taha raina me te whānui o ngā hapa tūnga. I taua wā, he tino pāngia te rino maka e te haumākū o te taiao. Ka waikura te whakamahi mō te wā roa, ka tere ake te heke o te tika.
Te manatoko i ngā rerekētanga mahi i roto i ngā tono mahi
I roto i te mara o te tukatuka wāhanga tika hiko 3C, i whakahaerehia e tētahi umanga rongonui tētahi whakamātautau whakatairite i te mahi a ngā taputapu o ngā momo turanga rauemi e rua. I roto i te whakamātautau, e rua ngā mīhini tohu taiaho picosecond me te whirihoranga ōrite i whakauruhia ki ngā turanga karāhe me ngā turanga rino maka hei tapahi me te tohu i te karāhe o ngā mata waea pūkoro me te whānui o te 0.1mm. I muri i te 200 hāora o te tukatuka tonu, ko te tere pupuri o te tika tukatuka o ngā taputapu turanga karāhe he 98.7%, ko te taputapu turanga rino maka he 86.3% noa iho. Ko ngā taha o te karāhe i tukatukahia e te mea whakamutunga i whakaatu i ngā hapa niho kani mārama.
I roto i te hanga o ngā wāhanga rererangi, ko ngā raraunga aroturuki roa o tētahi whare rangahau he whakaata ake i ngā rerekētanga: Ko te mīhini tohu taiaho me te turanga karāhe he iti iho i te 3μm te whakahekenga tika i roto i te oranga ratonga e rima tau; Heoi, i muri i ngā tau e toru, ko te hapa tukatuka o ngā taputapu turanga rino maka i puta mai i te whakarerekētanga o te turanga kua neke ake i te paerewa tukatuka o te ±10μm, ā, me whakahaere te whakatikatika tika o te mīhini whānui.
Ngā whakaaro mō te whakapai ake i ngā whakataunga
Mena ka tangohia e ngā umanga te tukatuka tino tika me te pumau mō te huringa roa hei kaupapa matua, inā koa i roto i ngā mara pēnei i ngā maramara haurua-ira me ngā wāhanga whatu tino tika, ko ngā turanga karāhe, me tōna pumau wera me te ātete wiri, he whiringa whakapai ake pai. Ahakoa he 30% ki te 50% teitei ake te utu hoko tuatahi i te rino maka, mai i te tirohanga o te utu huringa ora katoa, ko te whakaiti i te auau o te whakatikatika tika me te wā kore mahi mō ngā taputapu mō te tiaki ka taea te whakanui ake i ngā painga whānui. Mō ngā horopaki tono me ngā whakaritenga tika tukatuka iti me te iti o ngā tahua, ka taea tonu te whakamahi i ngā turanga rino maka hei otinga whakawhiti i raro i te kaupapa o te whakahaere tika i te taiao whakamahinga.
Mā te whakataurite pūnaha i ngā āhuatanga whakaiti tika o te karāhe me te rino maka i roto i te tukatuka taumata-pikohekona, ka kitea ko te whiriwhiri i te rauemi turanga tika he taahiraa matua hei whakapai ake i te tika me te pono o te tukatuka o te mīhini tohu taiaho. Me whakatau ngā umanga, i runga i ā rātou ake whakaritenga hangarau me ngā whakaaro utu, i runga i te mahere whakapai ake turanga hei whakarato i tētahi turanga taputapu pakari mō te hanga kounga teitei.
Wā tuku: Mei-22-2025