He mea nui te whiriwhiri i te rauemi turanga i roto i te hanganga o ngā waeine nekehanga tino tika. Ko ngā turanga tino tika o te karāhe me ngā turanga whakarewa kohuke, hei kōwhiringa matua, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga o ia mea, he rerekē rawa te pumau, te pupuri i te tika, te roa, me te utu.
Te Pūmautanga: Te whakakīkītanga taiao me ngā hiato horihori
Whai muri i ngā miriona tau o ngā panonitanga whenua, ka hangaia e te karāneti he hanganga tino matotoru me te ōrite mā te hononga taiao o te quartz, te feldspar, me ētahi atu kohuke. I roto i ngā taiao ahumahi e whakaputa ana ngā taputapu nui i ngā wiri kaha, ka whakaitihia e te hanganga tioata matatini o te karāneti ēnei raruraru, ka whakaitihia te kaha wiri e tukuna ana ki ngā waeine nekehanga tino tika e rere ana i te hau mā te neke atu i te 80%. Mā tēnei ka pai te mahi i te wā e tukatukahia ana, e tirotirohia ana rānei he tino tika, pērā i te tauira tika o ngā maramara hiko i roto i ngā tukanga whakaahua.
He mea hanga ngā turanga whakarewa kohuke mai i ngā matūriki kohuke kua konatunatua ki ngā here motuhake, ka hua ake he hanganga ā-roto ōrite me ngā āhuatanga pai mō te aukati i te wiri. Ahakoa e whakarato ana i te ārai whai hua mō ngā wiri whānui me te hanga i tētahi taiao mahi pumau mō ngā waeine nekehanga tino tika e rere ana i te hau, he iti ake te mahi a tā rātou mahi i raro i ngā wiri kaha, pumau i tērā o ngā turanga karāhe. Tērā pea ka puta he hapa iti i roto i ngā tono tino tika.
Te Pupuri Tika: Te whānui iti ā-taiao, te whakawhāititanga whakahaeretia
E mōhiotia ana te karāneti mō tōna tauwehenga whakawhanui wera tino iti (te tikanga 5–7 × 10⁻⁶/°C). Ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao he nui ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana, he iti noa ngā huringa ā-ahu o ngā turanga tino tika o te karāneti. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā tono whetū, ka whakarite ngā waeine nekehanga tino tika e rere ana i runga i te hau karāneti i te tika o te tūnga o te arotahi taumata-iti mō ngā karu tiro, ā, ka taea e ngā kaimātai whetū te hopu i ngā taipitopito uaua o ngā tinana rangi tawhiti.
Ka taea te hanga i ngā rauemi whakarewa kohuke hei arotau me te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga whānui wera, kia tutuki ai ngā tauwehenga rite, iti iho rānei i ērā o te karāhe. Nā tēnei ka pai mō ngā taputapu ine tino tika e aro ana ki te pāmahana. Heoi, ko te pumau mō te wā roa o tō rātou tika kei raro tonu i te manatoko nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te koroheketanga o te mea here, ka heke pea te mahi i roto i ngā wā roa o te whakamahinga.
Te pakari: He pakeke te kōhatu tūturu, he rite ki ngā mea hanga e ātete ana ki te ngenge
He tino pai te ātete o te kirikiri ki te kakahu nā te pakeketanga teitei (tauine Mohs: 6–7). I roto i ngā taiwhanga pūtaiao rauemi, ka ātete ngā turanga kirikiri mō ngā waeine nekehanga tino tika e rere ana i te hau ki te waku roa mai i ngā reti, ka roa ake ngā huringa tiaki neke atu i te 50% ki te whakataurite ki ngā turanga tuku iho. Ahakoa tēnei painga, he mōrearea te pakarukaru o te kirikiri ina pāngia.
He pai rawa atu ngā āhuatanga ārai-ngoi o ngā turanga whakarewa kohuke, e pupuri ana i te hanganga pumau i roto i ngā nekehanga auau-teitei roa o ngā waeine rere-hau tino tika. Hei tāpiri, he ātete ki te waikura matū ngawari, e whakarei ake ana i te roa o te ora i roto i ngā taiao waikura ngawari. Heoi, i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino kino pēnei i te haumākū teitei, ka pakaru pea te hononga i roto i ngā turanga whakarewa kohuke, ka whakararu i tōna roa o te ora.
Te Utu Hanga me te Uauatanga Tukatuka**: Ngā Wero o te Tango Kōhatu Maori me ngā Tukanga Maka Horihori
He uaua ngā mahi kawe taonga i roto i te keri me te kawe i te karāhe, ā, e hiahiatia ana ngā taputapu me ngā tikanga matatau mō tōna tukatuka. Nā te pakeke me te pakarukaru o te kiri, ko ngā mahi pēnei i te tapahi, te huri, me te whakakanapa ka hua ake he nui ngā para, ka piki ake ngā utu hanga.
He rerekē, ko te hanga o ngā turanga whakarewa kohuke me whai pokepokea me ngā tukanga motuhake. Ahakoa he nui ngā utu e pau ana i te whanaketanga tuatahi o te pokepokea, ka whai hua ā-ōhanga te hanga papatipu i muri mai ina whakatūria te pokepokea.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-08-2025