I roto i ngā ahumahi hanga tino tika, rererangi, me te ine ine, ko te mahi a ngā wāhanga miihini turanga (hei tauira, ngā tēpu mahi mīhini, ngā turanga, me ngā ara ārahi) ka pā tika ki te tika o ngā taputapu me te pumau o te mahi. Ko ngā wāhanga karāneti me ngā wāhanga māpere e kiia ana he taputapu tino tika o te kōhatu maori, engari ko ngā wāhanga karāneti e tū pakari ana mō ō rātou pakari me te roa—koinei te mea pai mō ngā tono ahumahi kawenga teitei, auau teitei. Hei kaiwhakarato matua o te ao mō ngā wāhanga kōhatu tino tika, e whakapau kaha ana a ZHHIMG ki te whakamārama i ngā āhuatanga rauemi me ngā painga matua o ngā wāhanga karāneti, hei āwhina i a koe ki te whiriwhiri i te otinga turanga tino pai mō ō taputapu tino tika.
1. He aha te rauemi o ngā wāhanga karāneti?
He mea hanga ngā wāhanga karāneti mai i te karāneti taiao kounga teitei—he momo toka mura i hangaia e te whakamatao puhoi me te whakapakeketanga o te magma o raro i te whenua. He rerekē ki te māpere noa, ko te whiriwhiri rauemi mata mō ngā wāhanga karāneti e whai ana i ngā paerewa ahumahi tino pakari hei whakarite i te mahi ā-mīhini me te pupuri i te tika:
1.1 Ngā Whakaritenga Rauemi Matua
- Pakeke: Me tutuki i te pakeke o te takutai (Hs) o te 70, neke atu rānei (he rite ki te pakeke Mohs 6-7). Mā tēnei ka ātete ki te kakahu me te whakarerekētanga i raro i te ahotea miihini mō te wā roa—he nui atu i te pakeke o te rino maka (Hs 40-50) te māpere noa rānei (Hs 30-40).
- Te ōritetanga o te hanganga: Me whai hanganga kohuke matotoru, ōrite te karāhe, kāore he kapiti o roto, he pūwero, he whakaurunga kohuke rānei e nui ake ana i te 0.5mm. Mā tēnei ka karohia te kukū o te ahotea ā-rohe i te wā e tukatukahia ana, e whakamahia ana rānei, ka arahi pea ki te ngaronga o te tika.
- Te koroheketanga tūturu: E rima tau te roa o te koroheketanga tūturu o te kirikiri mata i mua i te tukatuka. Mā tēnei tukanga ka tukuna katoatia ngā ahotea toenga o roto, kia kore ai te wāhanga kua oti e pirau nā ngā huringa pāmahana, nā te haumākū rānei o te taiao.
1.2 Hangarau Tukatuka
Ka hangaia ngā wāhanga karāhe a ZHHIMG mā roto i tētahi tukanga pakari, maha-taahiraa hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tika ritenga:
- Tapahi Ritenga: Ka tapahia ngā poraka karāhe mata kia rite ki ngā tuhi 2D/3D i whakaratohia e te kiritaki (e tautoko ana i ngā hanganga uaua pēnei i ngā kōhao, ngā mokowā, me ngā ringaringa maitai kua whakauruhia).
- Te Huri Tika: Ka whakamahia ngā mīhini huri CNC (me te tika o te ±0.001mm) hei whakapai ake i te mata, ka tutuki ai he hapa papatahi o te ≤0.003mm/m mō ngā mata matua.
- Te Keri me te Mokowā: E whakamahia ana ngā taputapu taimana tino tika mō te keri (tika o te tūnga o te kōhao ±0.01mm) me te mokowā, kia rite ai ki ngā huihuinga mīhini (hei tauira, ngā ara ārahi, ngā pūtu).
- Maimoatanga Mata: Ka pania he hiri kai-kore-paitini hei whakaiti i te mimiti wai (ki te ≤0.15%) me te whakapakari i te ātete ki te waikura—me te kore e pā ki ngā āhuatanga kore-aukume o te wāhanga.
2. Ngā Āhuatanga Matua o ngā Wāhanga Granite: He aha i Pai ake ai te Mahi i ngā Rauemi Tuku Iho
He painga motuhake ngā wāhanga karāhe ki ngā mea whakarewa (rino maka, maitai) me ngā rauemi hangai, ā, he mea nui rawa atu ēnei i roto i ngā pūnaha miihini tino tika:
2.1 Te Tino Tika me te Pūmautanga Tino Pai
- Te Pupuri Tika Tuturu: Whai muri i te koroheketanga tūturu me te tukatuka tika, kāore he rerekētanga kirihou o ngā wāhanga karāhe. Ka taea te pupuri i te tika o ō rātou āhuatanga (hei tauira, te papatahi, te tika) mō ngā tau neke atu i te 10 i raro i te whakamahinga noa—ka kore e hiahiatia he whakatikatika auau.
- Tauwehenga Whānui Wera Iti: Ko te tauwehenga whānui raina o te karāneti he 5.5×10⁻⁶/℃ anake (1/3 o te rino maka). Ko te tikanga he iti noa ngā huringa āhua ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao awheawhe me ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana (hei tauira, 10-30℃), kia mau ai te mahi a ngā taputapu.
2.2 Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini Pai Rawa
- Te Ātete Nui ki te Paku: He tino pai te ātete o ngā kohuke quartz me te feldspar matotoru i roto i te karāneti—e 5-10 ngā wā teitei ake i te rino maka. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā ara ārahi taputapu mīhini, e tu atu ana i te waku reti haere tonu.
- Kaha Pehi Teitei: Mēnā he kaha pehi o te 210-280MPa, ka taea e ngā wāhanga karāhe te tu atu i ngā kawenga taumaha (hei tauira, 500kg/m² mō ngā tēpu mahi) me te kore e rerekē te āhua—he mea tino pai mō te tautoko i ngā mīhini nunui me te tika.
2.3 Ngā Painga Haumaru me te Tiaki
- Kore-Aukume me te Kore-Arahi: I te mea he rauemi kore-whakarewa, kāore te karāneti e whakaputa i ngā papa aukume, e kawe rānei i te hiko. Mā tēnei ka ārai i te pokanoa ki ngā taputapu ine aukume (hei tauira, ngā tohu waea) me ngā wāhanga hiko tairongo, kia tika ai te kimi i ngā mea mahi.
- Kore-Waikura, Ātete-Waikura: Kāore te karāneti e waikura, he rerekē ki te maitai, ki te rino maka rānei. He ātete hoki ki te nuinga o ngā whakarewa ahumahi (hei tauira, te hinu kohuke, te waipiro) me ngā waikawa ngoikore/kawakawa—ka whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki me te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi.
- Ātete ki te Kino: Mēnā ka rakurakuhia, ka pāngia rānei te mata mahi, ka puta noa he rua iti, pāpaku (kāore he kohao, he taha teitei rānei). Mā tēnei ka ārai i te kino o ngā wahi mahi tika, ā, kāore e whakararu i te tika o te ine—he rerekē ki ngā mata whakarewa, ka taea te whakawhanake i ngā whakarerekētanga e hiahia ana kia hurihia anō.
2.4 Te Tiaki Māmā
He iti noa te tiaki e hiahiatia ana mō ngā wāhanga karāhe:
- Ko te horoi i ia rā, me whakamahi noa i te kakahu ngohengohe kua toua ki roto i te hopi horoi koretake (kaua e whakamahi i ngā hopi horoi waikawa/kawakore).
- Kāore e hiahiatia he hinu whakahinuhinu, he peita, he maimoatanga ārai-waikura rānei—ka penapena i te wā me te mahi mā ngā tīma tiaki wheketere.
3. Ngā Otinga Wāhanga Granite a ZHHIMG: Kua Whakaritea mō ngā Ahumahi o te Ao
He tohunga a ZHHIMG ki te hanga i ngā wāhanga karāhe ritenga mō te whānuitanga o ngā ahumahi, tae atu ki te rererangi, te motuka, te haurua-ira, me ngā taputapu tika. Kei roto i ā mātou hua:
- Ngā Tūāpapa Mīhini me ngā Tēpu Mahi: Mō ngā pokapū mīhini CNC, ngā mīhini ine taunga (CMM), me ngā mīhini huri.
- Ngā Aratohu Rerewē me ngā Kurupae Whakawhiti: Mō ngā pūnaha nekehanga rārangi, kia pai ai te reti maeneene, kia tika hoki.
- Pou me ngā Tautoko: Mō ngā taputapu taumaha, e whakarato ana i te pumau o te pikaunga.
E tutuki ana ngā wāhanga karāhe ZHHIMG katoa i ngā paerewa o te ao (ISO 8512-1, DIN 876) ā, ka whakamatautauria hoki te kounga:
- Tirotiro Rauemi: Ka whakamatautauria ia puranga karāhe mō te pakeke, te mātotoru, me te mimiti wai (me te tiwhikete SGS).
- Whakatikatika Tika: Ka whakamahia ngā ine whakawhiti taiaho hei manatoko i te papatahi, te tika, me te whakarara—me te pūrongo whakatikatika taipitopito e whakaratohia ana.
- Ngāwari Whakaritenga: Tautoko mō ngā rahi mai i te 500×300mm ki te 6000×3000mm, me ngā maimoatanga motuhake pēnei i ngā ringaringa maitai kua whakauruhia (mō ngā hononga pūtu) me ngā paparanga whakamātao ātete-wiri.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka tukuna e mātou he pūtāhui tau rua me te kōrero hangarau kore utu mō ngā wāhanga karāhe katoa. Mā tā mātou whatunga kawe taonga o te ao ka tukuna i te wā tika ki ngā whenua neke atu i te 50, me te aratohu tāutanga kei te papaanga mō ngā kaupapa nui.
4. Ngā Pātai Auau: Ngā Pātai Noa mō ngā Wāhanga Granite
P1: He taumaha ake ngā wāhanga karāhe i ngā wāhanga rino maka?
A1: Āe—ko te mātotoru o te kirikiri he 2.6-2.8g/cm³ (he paku teitei ake i te 7.2g/cm³ o te rino maka he hē, kua whakatikatikaina: ko te mātotoru o te rino maka he ~7.2g/cm³, ko te kirikiri he ~2.6g/cm³). Heoi, nā te pakari ake o te kirikiri, ka taea e ngā hoahoa angiangi, māmā ake te whakatutuki i te pumau rite tonu ki ngā wāhanga rino maka nunui.
P2: Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā wāhanga karāhe i roto i ngā taiao o waho, i ngā taiao makuku nui rānei?
A2: Ae—Ka tukuna ngā wāhanga karāhe a ZHHIMG ki te maimoatanga ā-wai motuhake (hiri mata) hei whakaiti i te mimiti wai ki te ≤0.15%. He pai mō ngā awheawhe makuku, engari kāore i te tūtohutia kia roa te noho ki waho (ki te ua/rā).
Q3: Kia pehea te roa o te wā e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i ngā wāhanga karāhe ritenga?
A3: Mō ngā hoahoa paerewa (hei tauira, ngā tēpu mahi tapawhā), e 2-3 wiki te roa o te hanga. Mō ngā hanganga uaua (he maha ngā kōhao/moka), e 4-6 wiki te roa o te wā arahi—tae atu ki te whakamātautau rauemi me te whakatikatika tika.
Mena kei te hiahia koe i ngā wāhanga karāhe ritenga mō tō mīhini tino tika, he pātai rānei āu mō te kōwhiringa rauemi, whakapā atu ki a ZHHIMG i tēnei rā mō tētahi kōrerorero hoahoa kore utu me te whakatau utu whakataetae. Ka mahi tahi tā mātou tīma hangarau me koe ki te waihanga i tētahi otinga e tutuki ai ō whakaritenga mahi me te tahua.
Wā tuku: 22 o Ākuhata-2025