He aha te NDE?
Ko te aromatawai kore-whakangaro (NDE) he kupu e whakamahia whānuitia ana me te NDT. Heoi, i te taha hangarau, ka whakamahia te NDE hei whakaahua i ngā inenga he nui ake te āhua. Hei tauira, ehara i te mea ka kitea noa e te tikanga NDE tētahi hapa, engari ka whakamahia hoki hei ine i tētahi mea mō taua hapa pēnei i tōna rahi, tōna āhua, me tōna whakatakotoranga. Ka taea te whakamahi i te NDE hei whakatau i ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi, pēnei i te pakari o te pakaru, te āheinga ki te hanga, me ētahi atu āhuatanga ā-tinana.
Ētahi Hangarau NDT/NDE:
He tokomaha te hunga kua mōhio kē ki ētahi o ngā hangarau e whakamahia ana i roto i te NDT me te NDE mai i ō rātou whakamahinga i roto i te umanga hauora. He maha ngā tāngata kua tangohia he hihi-X, ā, he maha ngā whaea kua whakamahia e ngā tākuta he ultrasound hei tirotiro i tā rātou pēpi i a rātou e noho ana i roto i te kōpū. Ko ngā hihi-X me te ultrasound he torutoru noa iho o ngā hangarau e whakamahia ana i roto i te mara o te NDT/NDE. Te āhua nei kei te piki haere te maha o ngā tikanga tirotiro i ia rā, engari kei raro nei he whakarāpopototanga poto o ngā tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana.
Whakamātautau Tirohanga me te Whatu (VT)
Ko te tikanga NDT taketake ko te tirotiro tirohanga. Ka whai ngā kaitirotiro tirohanga i ngā tukanga mai i te titiro noa ki tētahi wāhanga hei kite mēnā kei te kitea ngā hapa o te mata, ki te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha kāmera e whakahaerehia ana e te rorohiko hei tautuhi aunoa me te ine i ngā āhuatanga o tētahi wāhanga.
Whakaahua Irirangi (RT)
Ko te RT e whakamahi ana i te hihi gamma, i te hihi-X rānei hei tirotiro i ngā hapa me ngā āhuatanga o roto o te rauemi me te hua. Ka whakamahia he mīhini hihi-X, he isotope irahiko rānei hei pūtake hihi. Ka tukuna te hihi mā roto i tētahi wāhanga, ka uru ki te kiriata, ki tētahi atu pāpāho rānei. Ko te kauwhata atarangi ka puta mai e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga o roto me te pakari o te wāhanga. Ka tohua ngā panonitanga matotoru me te mātotoru o te rauemi hei wāhi mārama, pōuri rānei i runga i te kiriata. Ko ngā wāhi pōuri i roto i te hihi-X i raro nei e tohu ana i ngā āputa o roto o te wāhanga.
Te Whakamātautau Matūriki Aukume (MT)
Ka tutuki tēnei tikanga NDT mā te whakaoho i tētahi papa aukume ki roto i tētahi rauemi ferromagnetic, kātahi ka tauhiuhi i te mata ki ngā matūriki rino (he maroke, he iri rānei i roto i te wai). Ka puta he pou aukume i ngā hapa o te mata me te tata ki te mata, ka whakapōturi rānei i te papa aukume kia kukumea ai, kia kukū ai ngā matūriki rino. Ka puta he tohu kitea o te hapa i runga i te mata o te rauemi. Kei raro nei ngā whakaahua e whakaatu ana i tētahi wāhanga i mua atu, i muri mai hoki i te tirotiro mā te whakamahi i ngā matūriki aukume maroke.
Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT)
I roto i te whakamātautau ultrasonic, ka tukuna ngā ngaru oro auau-teitei ki roto i tētahi rauemi hei kite i ngā hapa, hei kimi rānei i ngā huringa o ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi. Ko te tikanga whakamātautau ultrasonic e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te pulse echo, e whakaurua ai te oro ki roto i tētahi mea whakamātautau, ā, ka whakahokia ngā whakaata (ngā whakaata) mai i ngā hapa o roto, mai i ngā mata āhuahanga rānei o te wāhanga ki tētahi kaiwhiwhi. Kei raro nei tētahi tauira o te tirotiro whakarewa ngaru kutikuti. Mātakitaki i te tohu e toro atu ana ki ngā rohe o runga o te mata. Ka puta tēnei tohu mā te oro e whakaatahia ana mai i tētahi hapa i roto i te whakarewa.
Whakamātautau Whakauru (PT)
Ka pania te mea whakamātautau ki tētahi wairewa kei roto he tae e kitea ana, he tae kanapa rānei. Kātahi ka tangohia te wairewa taikaha mai i te mata o te mea engari ka waiho kia pakaru te mata. Kātahi ka pania he kaiwhakawhanake hei kukume i te penetrant mai i ngā hapa. Mō ngā tae kanapa, ka whakamahia te mārama ultraviolet hei whakakanapa i te putanga toto kia mārama, kia kitea wawetia ai ngā hapa. Mō ngā tae e kitea ana, mā ngā rerekētanga tae kanapa i waenga i te penetrant me te kaiwhakawhanake ka ngāwari te kite i te "puta toto". Ko ngā tohu whero i raro nei e tohu ana i ētahi hapa o tēnei wāhanga.
EWhakamātautau hikohiko (ET)
Ka puta ngā iahiko (ngā iahiko porowhita) i roto i tētahi rauemi kawe hiko e tētahi papa aukume e huri haere ana. Ka taea te ine i te kaha o ēnei iahiko porowhita. Ka puta he aukati i te rere o ngā iahiko porowhita nā ngā hapa o ngā rauemi, ā, ka whakatūpato i te kaitirotiro ki te aroaro o tētahi hapa. Ka pāngia hoki ngā iahiko porowhita e te kawe hiko me te urunga aukume o tētahi rauemi, e āhei ai te whakarōpū i ētahi rauemi i runga i ēnei āhuatanga. Kei te tirotirohia e te tohunga hangarau i raro nei tētahi parirau rererangi mō ngā hapa.
Whakamātautau turuturu (LT)
He maha ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana hei kimi me te kimi i ngā turuturu i roto i ngā wāhanga pupuri pēhanga, ngā oko pēhanga, me ngā hanganga. Ka taea te kimi i ngā turuturu mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakarongo hiko, ngā ine ine pēhanga, ngā tikanga uruhanga wai me te hau, me/ranei he whakamātautau mirumiru hopi noa iho.
Whakamātautau Tukunga Oro (AE)
Ina pēhia he rauemi totoka, ka puta he pūngao oro poto mai i ngā hapa o roto o te rauemi e kiia nei ko ngā "tukunga". Pērā i te whakamātautau ultrasonic, ka taea te kite i ngā tukunga oro mā roto i ngā kaiwhiwhi motuhake. Ka taea te aromatawai i ngā pūtake tukunga mā te ako i tō rātou kaha me te wā tae mai hei kohikohi i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki ngā pūtake o te pūngao, pērā i tō rātou tauwāhi.
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Te wā tuku: Hakihea-27-2021