He nui te whakamahinga o ngā wāhanga karāneti tino tika i roto i ngā mahi ine me te hangarau tino tika, nā ō rātou āhuatanga miihini tino pai. E mōhiotia ana mō te tino kaha me te pakari, he iti te horapa wera me te ātete pai ki te kakahu me te pakū. Heoi, ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga iti ake te mōhiotia o ngā wāhanga karāneti tino tika ko tō rātou ātete waikawa-kawakore whakamiharo.
Ko te ātete waikawa-kawakore te kaha o tētahi rauemi ki te ātete i ngā pānga waikura o ngā otinga waikawa me te kawakore. I roto i te maha o ngā wāhi ahumahi me ngā taiwhanga, ka pāngia ngā rauemi e te whānuitanga o ngā waikawa me ngā kawakore i roto i te ahua o ngā otinga horoi me te tukatuka. Ko ngā rauemi kāore e ātete ki ēnei matū ka pāngia e te kino nui, ka arahi ki te utu nui o ngā whakatikatika me te wā kore mahi.
He toka mura te karāneti i hangaia mai i ngā tioata honohono o ngā kohuke pēnei i te feldspar, te quartz, me te mika. Mā ēnei kohuke ka puta te kaha me te mārō o te karāneti, ā, ka tino ātete hoki ki ngā otinga waikawa me te kawakore. Ko te nuinga o te karāneti he silicates, he pumau te matū, ā, he koretake. Ina pāngia e te waikawa, e te kawakore rānei, kāore ngā kohuke silicate i roto i te karāneti e tauhohe matū, ko te tikanga ka noho tonu te rauemi, kāore hoki e pakaru.
Ka whakarei ake te ātete waikawa-kawakore o ngā wāhanga karāneti tino tika mā roto i ngā momo tukanga hanga. I te wā o te tukanga whakakanapa, ka rongoatia te mata o te karāneti ki tētahi matū hiri hei whakapai ake i tōna ātete ki te whakaekenga matū. Ka whakakīia e tēnei hiri ngā pūwero me ngā kapiti moroiti i te mata o te karāneti, ka hanga he ārai tiaki e ārai ana i te waikawa, i te kawakore rānei kia kaua e uru ki roto i te rauemi.
Ko tētahi atu mea nui e pā ana ki te ātete waikawa-kawakore o ngā wāhanga karāhe tino tika ko tō rātou porosity. Ko te porosity e pā ana ki te nui o te wāhi tuwhera, ngā āputa rānei i waenganui i ngā kirikiri o te karāhe. Ko te iti o te porosity o te karāhe, ko te iti o tana mimiti i ngā wai. He mea nui tēnei, nā te mea ka taea e ngā wai katoa e mimitihia ana e te karāhe te tauhohe ki ngā kohuke i roto i te kōhatu, ka whakaiti i ōna āhuatanga. He tino iti te porosity o ngā wāhanga karāhe tino tika hei whakarite i te ātete nui ki ngā matū.
He mea nui te ātete waikawa-kawakore o ngā wāhanga karāhe tino tika mō ngā ahumahi maha e hiahia ana kia tino tika me te tika, pērā i te ine ine, te whatu, te hanga tino tika, me te hanga haurua-ira. I roto i ēnei ahumahi, he mea tino nui te tika. Ko ngā huringa iti o ngā āhuatanga o ā rātou taputapu ka pā nui ki ā rātou hua. Mā te whakamahi i ngā wāhanga karāhe tino tika, ka taea e ēnei ahumahi te whakapumau kei te ātete ā rātou taputapu ki ngā pānga waikura o ngā matū, ka hua ake te tika, te pono, me te roa.
Hei whakamutunga, he tino pai te ātete o ngā wāhanga karāhe tino tika ki te waikawa-kawakore nā te mea he ahurei te hanganga me ngā tukanga hanga. Ko te ātete waikawa-kawakore o ngā wāhanga karāhe tino tika tētahi o ngā āhuatanga maha e pai ai rātou mō ngā tono tino tika. I te mea kei te rapu tonu ngā ahumahi i te tino tika me te pono o ā rātou taputapu, ka noho tonu ngā wāhanga karāhe tino tika hei wāhanga matua i roto i ā rātou patu.
Wā tuku: Maehe-12-2024