I ēnei rā, me te tere o te whanaketanga o te umanga haurua-ira, ko te whakamātautau IC, hei hononga nui hei whakarite i te mahi a ngā maramara, ko tōna tika me te pumau ka pā tika ki te tere hua o ngā maramara me te whakataetae o te umanga. I te haere tonu o te tukanga hanga maramara ki te 3nm, 2nm me ngā pona matatau ake, kei te kaha haere ngā whakaritenga mō ngā wāhanga matua i roto i ngā taputapu whakamātautau IC. Ko ngā turanga karāhe, me ō rātou āhuatanga rauemi ahurei me ngā painga mahi, kua noho hei "hoa koura" tino nui mō ngā taputapu whakamātautau IC. He aha te ariā hangarau kei muri i tēnei?
I. Te "Kāore e Taea te Whakatutuki" i ngā Tūāpapa Tuku Iho
I te wā whakamātautau IC, me tino kitea e te taputapu te mahi hiko o ngā titi maramara, te pono o te tohu, me ētahi atu mea i te tauine nano. Heoi, kua kitea e ngā turanga whakarewa tuku iho (pērā i te rino maka me te maitai) he maha ngā raruraru i roto i ngā tono mahi.
I tētahi taha, he tino teitei te tauwehenga o te whakawhānui wera o ngā rauemi whakarewa, i te nuinga o te wā he nui ake i te 10×10⁻⁶/℃. Ko te wera e puta ana i te wā e whakahaerehia ana ngā taputapu whakamātautau IC, ahakoa he iti noa ngā huringa o te pāmahana taiao, ka taea te whakawhanui wera nui me te whakaheke i te turanga whakarewa. Hei tauira, ka taea e te turanga rino maka 1-mita te roa te whakawhānui me te whakaheke tae atu ki te 100μm ina huri te pāmahana mā te 10℃. He rawaka ēnei huringa ā-ahu hei whakatika i te tūnga o te mata whakamātautau ki ngā pine maramara, ka hua ake he koretake te pa atu, ā, ka puta he whakapōturitanga o ngā raraunga whakamātautau.
I tētahi atu taha, he ngoikore te mahi whakaiti o te turanga whakarewa, ā, he uaua ki te tere te pau i te kaha wiri i puta mai i te whakahaere o te taputapu. I roto i te horopaki o te whakamātautau tohu auau-tiketike, ka puta he nui te haruru i te wiri-iti tonu, ka piki ake te hapa o te whakamātautau pono o te tohu mā te neke atu i te 30%. Hei tāpiri, he nui te ātete aukume o ngā rauemi whakarewa, ā, he ngāwari ki te hono atu ki ngā tohu hikohiko o ngā taputapu whakamātautau, ka hua ake he ngaronga iahiko hurihuri me ngā pānga hysteresis, ka whakararuraru i te tika o ngā inenga tika.
II. Te "Kaha Pakari" o ngā Turanga Granite
Te pumau o te wera, e whakatakoto ana i te turanga mō te ine tika
Ka hangaia te karāneti mā te whakakotahitanga piri o ngā tioata kohuke pērā i te quartz me te feldspar mā roto i ngā hononga ionic me te covalent. He tino iti tōna tauwehenga whakawhanui wera, 0.6-5×10⁻⁶/℃ anake, arā, tata ki te 1/2-1/20 o te tauwehenga o ngā rauemi whakarewa. Ahakoa ka huri te pāmahana mā te 10℃, ko te whakawhanui me te whakawhāiti o te turanga karāneti 1-mita te roa he iti iho i te 50nm, tata ki te "kore whakarerekētanga". I taua wā, ko te kawe wera o te karāneti he 2-3 W/(m · K) anake, arā, he iti iho i te 1/20 o te tauwehenga o ngā konganuku. Ka taea e ia te ārai i te kawe wera o ngā taputapu, te pupuri i te pāmahana o te mata o te turanga kia ōrite, me te whakarite kia mau tonu te tūranga whanaunga o te whakamātautau me te maramara.
2. Mā te kaha o te pehi wiri ka hangaia he taiao whakamātautau pumau
Ko ngā hapa motuhake o te karaihe me te hanganga reti o te rohe witi i roto i te karāhe he kaha ki te tuku i te kaha, me te ōwehenga whakamākū tae atu ki te 0.3-0.5, e ono ngā wā neke atu i te ōwehenga o te turanga whakarewa. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga whakamātautau i raro i te whakaoho wiri o te 100Hz, ko te wā whakaiti wiri o te turanga karāhe he 0.1 hēkona noa iho, ko te wā o te turanga rino maka he 0.8 hēkona. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka taea e te turanga karāhe te pehi tonu i ngā wiri i puta mai i te tīmatanga me te whakaweto o ngā taputapu, ngā pānga o waho, me ētahi atu, me te whakahaere i te kaha wiri o te papa whakamātautau i roto i te ±1μm, e whakarato ana i te taurangi pumau mō te tūnga o ngā tirotiro nano.
3. Ngā āhuatanga ā-aukume ā-taiao, e whakakore ana i te pokanoa hikohiko
He rauemi diamagnetic te karāneti, ā, ko tōna ngoikoretanga he tata ki te -10 ⁻⁵. Kei roto i ngā hononga matū ngā irahiko ā-roto i roto i ngā takirua, ā, kāore rawa e whakapolarized e ngā papa aukume o waho. I roto i te taiao papa aukume kaha o te 10mT, ko te kaha o te papa aukume i puta i runga i te mata o te karāneti he iti iho i te 0.001mT, ko te kaha o te papa aukume i puta i runga i te mata o te karāneti he teitei ake i te 8mT. Ka taea e tēnei āhuatanga ārai-aukume taiao te hanga i tētahi taiao ine parakore mō ngā taputapu whakamātautau IC, e tiaki ana i a ia mai i te pokanoa hikohiko o waho pērā i ngā motuka awheawhe me ngā tohu RF. He tino pai mō ngā āhuatanga whakamātautau e tino tairongo ana ki te haruru hikohiko, pērā i ngā maramara irahiko me ngā ADC/Dac tino tika.
Tuatoru, kua tino kitea ngā hua whakamiharo i roto i te whakamahinga mahi
Kua tino whakaatuhia e ngā mahi a ngā umanga maha o te haurua-haurua te uara o ngā turanga karāhe. Whai muri i te whakamahinga a tētahi kaihanga taputapu whakamātautau haurua-haurua rongonui o te ao i tētahi turanga karāhe i roto i tana tūāpapa whakamātautau maramara 5G teitei, i tutuki i a ia ngā hua whakamiharo: i piki ake te tika o te tūnga o te kāri tirotiro mai i te ±5μm ki te ±1μm, i heke te paerewa rerekētanga o ngā raraunga whakamātautau mā te 70%, ā, i heke nui te tere whakatau hē o tētahi whakamātautau kotahi mai i te 0.5% ki te 0.03%. I taua wā, he mea whakamiharo te pānga pehi wiri. Ka taea e ngā taputapu te tīmata i te whakamātautau me te kore e tatari kia pirau te wiri, ka whakapoto i te huringa whakamātautau kotahi mā te 20% me te whakanui ake i te kaha whakaputa ā-tau mā te neke atu i te 3 miriona wafers. Hei tāpiri, he roa te ora o te turanga karāhe neke atu i te 10 tau, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he tiaki auau. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā turanga whakarewa, ka heke te utu whānui mā te neke atu i te 50%.
Tuawhā, urutau ki ngā au ahumahi me te ārahi i te whakapai ake i te hangarau whakamātautau
I te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau tākai matatau (pēnei i a Chiplet) me te pikinga ake o ngā mara hou pēnei i ngā maramara rorohiko irahiko, ka piki tonu ngā whakaritenga mō te mahi a te taputapu i roto i te whakamātautau IC. Kei te auaha tonu, kei te whakapai ake hoki ngā turanga karāhe. Mā te maimoatanga paninga mata hei whakarei ake i te ātete kakahu, mā te whakakotahi rānei me ngā uku piezoelectric hei whakatutuki i te utu wiri kaha me ētahi atu putanga hangarau, kei te neke haere rātou ki tētahi huarahi tika ake, atamai ake hoki. I te heke mai, ka haere tonu te turanga karāhe ki te tiaki i te auahatanga hangarau o te umanga semiconductor me te whanaketanga kounga teitei o ngā "maramara Hainamana" me tana mahi tino pai.
Ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi turanga karāhe he tikanga ki te whiriwhiri i tētahi otinga whakamātautau IC tika ake, pumau ake, me te whai hua ake. Ahakoa ko te whakamātautau maramara tukanga matatau o nāianei, ko te tūhuratanga rānei o ngā hangarau hou ā muri ake nei, ka whai wāhi nui te turanga karāhe ki tētahi mahi nui, kāore e taea te whakakapi.
Wā tuku: Mei-15-2025