I roto i te ao hanga haurua-ira, ko te tika te mea nui. I te haere tonu o te hangarau hanga maramara ki te taumata nanometer, tae noa ki te taumata nanometer, ka taea e tetahi hapa iti te heke o te mahi maramara, te hinga rānei. I roto i tēnei whakataetae mō te tika tino pai, kua noho ngā taputapu tika o te karāhe, me ō rātou āhuatanga ā-tinana me ā-mīhini ahurei, hei wāhanga matua ki te whakarite i te tika o te hanga maramara i te tauine nano.
Ko te pumau tino pai te pūtake mō te tika
He uaua te taiao i roto i te awheawhe hanga haurua-ira, ā, ko ngā āhuatanga o waho pēnei i te wiri me ngā huringa pāmahana e whakararu tonu ana i te tika o te whakaputanga. He tino pumau ngā taputapu tika o te karāneti, e whakarato ana i te turanga pakari mō te whakaputa maramara. He matotoru, he ōrite hoki tōna hanganga o roto, i hangaia mā roto i ngā tukanga whenua i roto i ngā rau miriona tau, ā, he āhuatanga whakamātao teitei tōna. Ina tukuna ngā wiri o waho ki ngā taputapu whakaputa, ka taea e ngā wāhanga tika o te karāneti te mimiti me te whakaiti i te neke atu i te 80% o te kaha wiri, ka whakaiti nui i te pānga o ngā wiri ki ngā taputapu tika.
He mea tino nui tēnei āhuatanga i roto i te tukanga whakaahua-ipurangi. He taahiraa nui te whakaahua-ipurangi i roto i te whakawhiti i ngā tauira hoahoa o ngā maramara ki ngā papa silicon, e hiahia ana kia mau tonu te pumau o te tēpu mahi o te mīhini whakaahua-ipurangi. Ka taea e te tēpu mahi tino tika o te karāhe te wehe i te pokanoa wiri mai i te papa awheawhe me ētahi atu taputapu, me te whakarite kia whakahaerehia te hapa tūranga whanaunga i waenga i te papa silicon me te kopare whakaahua-ipurangi i te taumata nanometer i te wā e whakaatuhia ana te mīhini whakaahua-ipurangi, ā, mā reira ka whakamanahia te whakawhiti tika o te tauira.
Hei tāpiritanga, he tino iti te tauwehenga o te whakawhanuitanga wera o te karāhe, mai i te 5 ki te 7×10⁻⁶/℃. I te wā o te tukanga hangahanga haurua-ira, ko te wera e puta mai ana i te whakahaere o ngā taputapu me ngā rerekētanga o te pāmahana o te taiao awheawhe ka taea te whakararu i te āhua wera o ngā rauemi. Kāore e pāngia ngā taputapu tika o te karāhe e ngā huringa pāmahana, ā, ka taea tonu te pupuri i ngā ine me ngā āhua pumau. Hei tauira, i roto i te tukanga whakairo maramara, ahakoa he iti noa te huringa o te pāmahana ka taea te whakawhanui i ngā wāhanga matua o ngā taputapu whakairo, ka puta he rerekētanga o te hohonutanga me te tika o te whakairo. Heoi, mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tika o te karāhe hei tautoko me ngā wāhanga e mau ana i te kawenga ka taea te ārai i tēnei āhuatanga, kia tino tika ai te tukanga whakairo me te rite tonu.
Ngā painga tukatuka tino tika me te kounga mata
He mea nui anō hoki te hangarau tukatuka tino tika o ngā wāhanga tino tika o te karāhe hei whakarite i te tika o te whakaputanga o ngā maramara. Mā te hangarau tukatuka tino tika matatau, ka taea e te papatahi o te mata, te tika me ētahi atu tohu tika o ngā taputapu karāhe te eke ki tētahi taumata tino tiketike. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga huri me te whakakanapa CNC, ka taea te whakaiti i te taratara o te mata o te karāhe ki te taumata nanometer, ka hanga te āhua o te mata kia rite ki te whakaata.
I roto i ngā taputapu hanga maramara, mā te kounga mata tino tika o ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā ara ārahi me ngā retireti tino tika o te karāhe ka taea te whakaiti i te waku me te pakaru i waenga i ngā wāhanga neke. Ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i te pumau me te tika o te nekehanga o te taputapu anake, engari ka roa ake hoki te ora o te taputapu. Hei tauira, me whakamahi i ngā taputapu tākai maramara. Mā ngā ara ārahi karāhe tino tika ka taea te whakarite kia whakahaeretia te hapa o te ara nekehanga o te pane tākai i te wā e kohia ana, e whakatakotoria ana te maramara i te taumata maikiromita, i te taumata nanometa rānei, kia tutuki ai te whakaritenga tika me te hononga pono i waenga i te maramara me te papa tākai.
Ārai-kakahu me te pumau mo te wa roa
He tukanga whakaputa tonu, he roa hoki te wā e hangaia ai te hanga hiko haurua, ā, me mahi pūmau ngā taputapu mō te wā roa. He tino pai te ātete ki te kakahu o te karāhe, ko tōna pakeketanga Mohs kei waenganui i te 6 ki te 7, ā, ka taea e ia te tu atu i ngā nekehanga miihini me ngā kawenga mō te wā roa. I roto i te mahi o ia rā o ngā taputapu hanga maramara, kāore ngā wāhanga tika o te karāhe e ngāwari ki te kakahu me te haehae, ā, ka taea tonu te pupuri i te mahi pūmau me te tika.
Ki te whakaritea ki ētahi atu rauemi, kāore te karāhe e pāngia e te whakarerekētanga ngenge, e te hekenga rānei o te mahi i te wā e whakamahia ana mō te wā roa. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ka taea tonu e ngā taputapu hanga maramara e whakamahi ana i ngā wāhanga tika o te karāhe te pupuri i te tino tika me te pumau i muri i te whakamahinga mō te wā roa, ā, ka whakaitihia te tere hapa o te hua i puta mai i te hekenga o te tika o ngā taputapu. Mō ngā kaihanga haurua-ira, ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i te pai o te whakaputa engari ka whakaitihia hoki ngā utu whakaputa.
Whakamutunga
I te huarahi e whai ana i te tika o te nano i roto i te hanga haurua-ā-ira, he mahi nui tā ngā wāhanga tika o te karāhe nā te mea he tino pumau, he tukatuka tino tika, he pono hoki mō te wā roa. Mai i te whakaahua-ipurangi ki te whakairo, mai i te takai maramara ki te whakamātautau, ka rere ngā taputapu tika o te karāhe mā roto i ngā hononga matua katoa o te hanga maramara, e whakarato ana i te taurangi pakari mō te hanga maramara tino tika. I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau haurua-ā-ira, ka piki haere ngā whakaritenga mō te tika. Ka haere tonu te mahi nui a ngā wāhanga tika o te karāhe i roto i tēnei mara, e āwhina ana i te umanga haurua-ā-ira kia eke tonu ki ngā taumata hou. Ahakoa i nāianei, i ngā rā kei te heke mai rānei, ko ngā wāhanga tika o te karāhe te kaha matua e whakarite ana i te tika o te taumata-nanomita i roto i te hanga haurua-ā-ira.
Wā tuku: Mei-07-2025