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I roto i ngā āhuatanga tukatuka tino tika o ngā mīhini tohu taiaho taumata-piko-hekona, ko te turanga, hei wāhanga tautoko matua o te taputapu, ko tana kōwhiringa rauemi te mea tika hei whakatau i te pumau o te tika o te tukatuka. Ko te karāneti me te rino maka he rauemi e rua e whakamahia ana mō te hanga turanga. Ka whakahaerehia e tēnei tuhinga he whakataurite mai i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, te kaupapa o te whakaiti tika, me ngā raraunga tono mahi, e whakarato ana i tētahi pūtake pūtaiao mō te whakapai ake i ngā taputapu.
I. Ngā Rerekētanga o ngā Āhuatanga Rauemi: Te Kaupapa Matua o te Mahi Tika
He toka mura tūturu te karāneti, i hangaia mā te whakatio tata o ngā kohuke pēnei i te quartz me te feldspar i roto. He hanganga matotoru, he pakeke hoki tōna. Ko tōna matotoru kei waenganui i te 2.7 me te 3.1g/cm³, ā, he tino iti te tauwehenga o te whakawhānui wera, tata ki te (4-8) ×10⁻⁶/℃, ka taea te ātete i te awe o ngā huringa pāmahana ki te tika o ngā taputapu. Hei tāpiri, ko te hanganga moroiti ahurei o te karāneti e whakarato ana i te mahi whakamātao pai rawa atu, e āhei ai te mimiti tere i te kaha wiri o waho me te whakaiti i te pokanoa o te wiri ki te tika o te tukatuka.
Ko te rino maka, hei rauemi ahumahi tuku iho, he 7.86g/cm³ te matotoru, he kaha pēhi teitei, engari he wera.
Ko te tau whakawhanui (tata ki te 12×10⁻⁶/℃) he 1.5-3 ngā wā i te karāneti. Heoi anō, kei roto i te rino maka he hanganga karāneti maramara. I te whakamahinga roa, ka arahi pea ēnei hanganga ki te kukū o te ahotea, ka pā ki te pumau o te rauemi, ā, ka heke te tika.
II. Te Tikanga Whakaiti Tika i roto i te Mīhini Taumata-Pikohekona
He tino teitei ngā whakaritenga mō te tukatuka taiaho taumata-pikohekona mō te pumau o te taiao. Ka whakanuia te rerekētanga iti o te rauemi turanga ki roto i te hua tukatuka. Ko ngā rerekētanga pāmahana, ngā wiri i puta mai i te whakahaere taputapu, te ngenge i raro i te kawenga roa, me ētahi atu, he mea nui katoa ēnei e arahi ana ki te whakahekenga o te tika.
Ina rerekē te pāmahana, ka paku rerekē te rahi o te karāhe nā te iti o te tauwehenga whakawhanui wera. Mā te nui o te tauwehenga whakawhanui wera o te rino maka ka rerekē te āhua o te turanga, he uaua ki te kite mā te kanohi tahanga. Ka pā tika tēnei rerekētanga ki te pumau o te ara whatu taiaho, ā, ka neke te tūranga tohu. Mō te wiri, ka taea e te āhuatanga whakamātao teitei o te karāhe te whakaiti i te wiri 100Hz i roto i te 0.12 hēkona, engari e 0.9 hēkona te roa o te rino maka. I raro i ngā āhuatanga wiri auau teitei, he ngāwari ake te tika o te tukatuka o ngā taputapu me ngā turanga rino maka ki te rerekē haere.
Iii. Te Whakataurite i ngā Raraunga Whakaiti Tika
E ai ki ngā whakamātautau a ngā umanga ngaio, i te wā e whakamahia tonutia ana te tohu taiaho picosecond mō ngā hāora e 8, ko te whakahekenga o te tika o te tūnga tuaka-XY o ngā taputapu me te turanga karāhe kei roto i te ±0.5μm. Ko te whakahekenga tika o ngā taputapu turanga rino maka ka eke ki te ±3μm, me te rerekētanga nui. I roto i te taiao whakaata me te huringa pāmahana o te 5℃, ko te hapa whakarerekētanga wera o ngā taputapu turanga karāhe he + 0.8μm anake, ko te hapa o ngā taputapu turanga rino maka he teitei ki te + 12μm.
Hei tāpiri atu, mai i te tirohanga o te whakamahinga mō te wā roa, ko te tere whakatau hē o ngā turanga karāhe he 0.03% noa iho, ko te tere whakatau hē o ngā turanga rino maka he teitei ki te 0.5% nā ngā take pumau hanganga. E whakaatu katoa ana ēnei raraunga i raro i ngā whakaritenga tino tika o te tukatuka taumata-pikohekona, he nui te painga pumau o te turanga karāhe.
Iv. Ngā Whakaaro Whakapai Ake me ngā Whakamahinga Whai Hua
Mō ngā umanga e whai ana i te tika tukatuka tino pai, ko te whakapai ake i te turanga rino maka ki te turanga karāhe he huarahi whai hua hei whakarei ake i te mahi a ngā taputapu. I te wā o te tukanga whakapai ake, me aro nui ki te tika tukatuka o te turanga karāhe kia tutuki ai te papatahi o te mata i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa. I taua wā anō, me te whakamahi tahi me ngā taputapu āwhina pēnei i te pūnaha wehe wiri hau, ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi ārai-wiri o ngā taputapu.
I tēnei wā, i roto i ngā ahumahi pēnei i te hanga maramara haurua-ira me te tukatuka wāhanga whatu tino tika, kua whānuitia te whakamahi i ngā mīhini tohu taiaho me ngā turanga karāhe, ā, kua tino whakarei ake i te hua o te hua me te pai o te whakaputa. Hei tauira, i muri i te whakapai ake a tētahi kaihanga wāhanga whatu i ngā taputapu turanga rino maka, ka piki ake te reiti tohu tika o te hua mai i te 82% ki te 97%, ā, kua tino piki ake te pai o te whakaputa.
Hei whakamutunga, i roto i te whakahoutanga turanga o ngā mīhini tohu taiaho taumata-piko-hekona, ko te karāhe, me tōna pumau wera tino pai, te mahi whakamākū teitei me te kaha pupuri tika mō te wā roa, kua noho hei whiringa pai rawa atu i te rino maka. Ka taea e ngā umanga te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi turanga i runga i ā rātou ake whakaritenga tukatuka me ngā tahua hei whakatutuki i te whakahoutanga whānui o te mahi taputapu.
Wā tuku: Mei-19-2025