I roto i te mara o te hanga tino tika me te rangahau pūtaiao matatau, ko te whiriwhiri turanga o te tūāpapa hau mānu pēhanga pateko tino tika te mea matua hei whakatau i tōna mahi. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te turanga tino tika o te karāhe me te turanga uku, e whakaatu ana i ngā painga me ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te pumau, te tiaki tika, te roa me ērā atu.
Te pumau: Hanganga tūturu me te hanganga hangai
I muri i te whakawhiti roa o te whenua, ka honoa te karāneti e te quartz, te feldspar me ētahi atu kohuke, ka hanga he hanganga matotoru, ōrite hoki. I te aroaro o ngā pokanoa wiri o waho, pērā i te wiri kaha i puta mai i te whakahaere o ngā taputapu nui i roto i te awheawhe wheketere, ka taea e te turanga karāneti te aukati me te whakaiti, ka taea te whakaiti i te kaha wiri o te papa rererangi hau pēhanga pūmau tika mā te neke atu i te 80%, ka whakarato i te turanga mahi pumau mō te papa kia pai ai te nekehanga i roto i te tukatuka, te kimi rānei i te tino tika. Hei tauira, i roto i te tukanga tuhi whakaahua o te hanga maramara haurua-ira, ka taea e te turanga karāneti pumau te whakarite i te mahi tika o ngā taputapu tuhi whakaahua maramara me te whakatutuki i te whakaahuatanga tino tika o ngā tauira maramara.
He mea hanga te turanga uku mā te hanga horihori me te hangarau matatau, ā, he ōrite hoki tōna hanganga o roto, ā, he pai ngā āhuatanga whakaiti wiri. Ina pāngia e te wiri whānui, ka taea e ia te hanga i tētahi taiao mahi pumau mō te tūāpapa hau rerehua pēhanga pūmau tika. Heoi, i te aroaro o te kaha teitei me te wiri pumau, he iti ake te kaha whakaiti wiri i tērā o te turanga karāhe, ā, he uaua ki te whakaiti i te pokanoa wiri ki te taumata iti, ka pā pea ki te nekehanga tino tika o te tūāpapa.
Te pupuri i te tika: te iti o te whānui o ngā painga taiao me te whakahaere horihori o te tika
E mōhiotia ana te karāhe mō tōna tauwehenga whakawhanui wera tino iti, ko te tikanga kei te 5-7 ×10⁻⁶/℃. I roto i te taiao piki me te heke o te pāmahana, kāore e tino rerekē te rahi o te turanga tika o te karāhe. I roto i te ao o te whetū, ka honoa te tūāpapa rere hau pēhanga pūmau tika mō te whakatikatika pai o te karāhe karu tirotiro me te turanga karāhe, ahakoa he nui te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i te ao me te pō, ka taea e ia te whakarite kia mau tonu te tika o te tūnga o te karāhe i te taumata iti-micron, hei āwhina i ngā kaimātai whetū ki te hopu i ngā nekehanga ngawari o ngā tinana rangi tawhiti.
He tino pai ngā rauemi uku mō te pumau o te wera, ā, ko te tauwehenga o te whakawhānui wera o ētahi uku mahi-teitei ka taea te iti iho i te tata ki te kore, ā, ka taea te whakahaere tika mā te hanga me te tukanga. I roto i ētahi taputapu ine tika-teitei e aro ana ki te pāmahana, ka taea e te turanga uku te pupuri i te rahi pumau ina huri te pāmahana, kia tika ai te nekehanga o te papa rererangi hau pēhanga pumau. Heoi, ko tōna pumau tika mō te wā roa i roto i ngā tono mahi ka pāngia e ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te koroheketanga o ngā rauemi, ā, me manatoko anō.
Te pakari: He kōhatu tūturu pakari me ngā rauemi hangai ātete ki te waikura
He teitei te pakeke o te karāhe, ka taea e te pakeketanga Mohs te eke ki te 6-7, he pai te ātete ki te kakahu. I roto i te taiwhanga pūtaiao rauemi, ko te tūāpapa rere hau pēhanga pūmau e whakamahia pinepine ana, ka taea e tōna turanga karāhe te ātete i te ngaronga waku mō te wā roa, ki te whakaritea ki te turanga noa, ka taea te whakaroa i te huringa tiaki o te tūāpapa neke atu i te 50%, te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki taputapu, me te whakarite i te haere tonu o te mahi rangahau pūtaiao. Heoi, he pakarukaru te rauemi karāhe, he tūponotanga ka pakaru ina pāngia.
Ehara i te mea he mārō noa te turanga uku, engari he tino ātete hoki ki te waikura. I roto i ngā taiao ahumahi kei reira te mōrearea o te waikura matū, pērā i ngā papa rererangi hau waikura tika i roto i ngā taputapu tirotiro hua matū, ka ātete ngā turanga uku ki ngā hau waikura, ki ngā wai rānei, ka mau tonu te āhua o te mata me ngā āhuatanga miihini mō te wā roa. I roto i ngā taiao tino kino pērā i te haumākū teitei, he pai ake te pumau o te mahi a te turanga uku i te turanga karāhe.
Te utu hanga me te uauatanga tukatuka: te wero keri o te kōhatu tūturu me te paepae hangarau o te hanga horihori
He uaua te keri me te kawe i ngā rauemi mata o te karāhe, ā, he tino teitei ngā taputapu me ngā hangarau e hiahiatia ana mō te tukatuka. Nā te pakeketanga, he pakarukaru, he ngāwari te tapahi, te huri, te whakakanapa me ētahi atu tukanga ki te hinga, ki te pakaru, ki te tere para nui, ka hua ake he utu hanga nui.
Ko te hanga turanga uku e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hangarau whakahiato matatau me te hangarau miihini tika, mai i te whakarite rauemi mata, te whakahāngai ki te whakahinuhinu, me tino whakahaere ia taahiraa. He nui te rangahau me te whanaketanga wawe me te haumi taputapu, he paepae hangarau teitei. Heoi, me te whānui haere o te tauine whakaputa, e whakaarohia ana ka whakaitihia te utu, ā, he kaha whai hua ki ngā tono teitei.
I te nuinga o te wā, he pai te mahi a ngā turanga tino tika o te karāhe i roto i te pumau whānui me te roa o te mau, engari he painga motuhake tō ngā turanga uku i roto i te urutau ki te pāmahana tino nui me te roa o te waikura. Me whiriwhiri te turanga i runga i te horopaki tono motuhake, ngā āhuatanga taiao me te tahua utu o te tūāpapa hau mānu pēhanga pūmau tino tika.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-10-2025