I roto i te mara o te whakamātautau haurua-ira, he mea nui te whiriwhiri rauemi o te tūāpapa whakamātautau ki te tika o te whakamātautau me te pumau o ngā taputapu. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā rauemi rino maka tuku iho, ko te karāhe te mea tino pai mō ngā tūāpapa whakamātautau haurua-ira nā tōna mahi tino pai.
Ko te ātete tino pai ki te waikura e whakarite ana i te mahi pumau mo te wa roa
I roto i te tukanga whakamātautau haurua-ira, he maha ngā matū matū e whakamahia ana, pērā i te wairewa pāhare pākawa (KOH) e whakamahia ana mō te whakawhanake i te ātete-whakaahua, me ngā matū tino waikura pērā i te waikawa hauwaiwai (HF) me te waikawa hauota (HNO₃) i roto i te tukanga whakairo. Ko te rino maka te nuinga o te wā he mea tito mai i ngā huānga rino. I roto i tēnei taiao matū, he tino tūponotanga ka puta ngā tauhohenga waikura-whakaiti. Ka ngaro ngā irahiko i roto i ngā ngota rino, ka pāngia e ngā tauhohenga nekehanga me ngā matū waikawa i roto i te wairewa, ka tere te waikura o te mata, ka hanga waikura me ngā poka, ka kino hoki te papatahi me te tika o te āhua o te tūāpapa.
He rerekē, ko te hanganga kohuke o te karāneti he tino ātete ki te waikura. Ko tōna wāhanga matua, ko te quartz (SiO₂), he tino pumau ngā āhuatanga matū, ā, kāore e tauhohe ki ngā waikawa me ngā turanga noa. Ko ngā kohuke pēnei i te feldspar he koretake hoki i roto i ngā taiao matū whānui. He maha ngā whakamātautau kua whakaatu i roto i te taiao matū kimi haurua-whakaari kotahi, ko te ātete waikura matū o te karāneti he neke atu i te 15 ngā wā teitei ake i te rino maka. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, mā te whakamahi i ngā papa karāneti ka taea te whakaiti i te auau me te utu o te tiaki taputapu i puta mai i te waikura, te whakaroa i te roa o te ratonga o ngā taputapu, me te whakarite i te pumau roa o te tika o te kimi.
Te pumau tino teitei, te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te tika o te kitenga taumata-nanomita
He tino teitei ngā whakaritenga mō te whakamātautau i te haurua-whakahaere mō te pumau o te tūāpapa, ā, me ine tika i ngā āhuatanga o te maramara i te nanoscale. He tino teitei te tauwehenga o te whakawhānui wera o te rino maka, tata ki te 10-12 ×10⁻⁶/℃. Ko te wera e puta mai ana i te whakahaere o te taputapu kimi, i te rerekētanga rānei o te pāmahana taiao ka nui te whakawhānui wera me te whakahekenga o te tūāpapa rino maka, ka hua ake he rerekētanga tūranga i waenga i te tirotiro kimi me te maramara, ā, ka pā ki te tika o te ine.
Ko te tauwehenga o te whakawhanuitanga wera o te karāhe he 0.6-5×10⁻⁶/℃ anake, he wāhanga iti iho rānei i tērā o te rino maka. He matotoru tōna hanganga. Kua whakakorea te ahotea o roto mā te koroheketanga taiao mō te wā roa, ā, he iti noa te pānga o ngā huringa pāmahana. Hei tāpiri, he pakari te karāhe, me te pakeke e 2 ki te 3 ngā wā teitei ake i tērā o te rino maka (he rite ki te HRC > 51), ka taea te ātete pai ki ngā pānga me ngā wiri o waho, me te pupuri i te papatahi me te tika o te tūāpapa. Hei tauira, i roto i te kimi ara iahiko maramara tino tika, ka taea e te tūāpapa karāhe te whakahaere i te hapa papatahi i roto i te ±0.5μm/m, me te whakarite kia taea tonu e ngā taputapu kimi te whakatutuki i te kitenga tika o te nano i roto i ngā taiao uaua.
He āhuatanga anti-aukume tino pai, e hanga ana i tētahi taiao kimi parakore
He tino tairongo ngā wāhanga hiko me ngā pūoko i roto i ngā taputapu whakamātautau haurua-haurua ki te wawaotanga hikohiko. He taumata aukume tō te rino maka. I roto i te taiao hikohiko, ka puta he papa aukume whakaoho, ka wawao ki ngā tohu hikohiko o ngā taputapu kimi, ka hua ake he whakapōturitanga tohu me ngā raraunga kimi rerekē.
Ko te karāneti, he rauemi ārai-aukume, ā, kāore e tino pōraruraruhia e ngā papa aukume o waho. Kei roto i ngā hononga matū ngā irahiko o roto i ngā takirua, ā, he pumau te hanganga, kāore e pāngia e ngā kaha hikohiko o waho. I roto i te taiao papa aukume kaha o te 10mT, ko te kaha o te papa aukume i puta i runga i te mata o te karāneti he iti iho i te 0.001mT, ko te kaha o te papa aukume i puta i runga i te mata o te karāneti he teitei ake i te 8mT. Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka taea e te papa karāneti te waihanga i tētahi taiao hikohiko parakore mō ngā taputapu kimi, he mea tino pai mō ngā horopaki me ngā whakaritenga tino kaha mō te haruru hikohiko pēnei i te kimi maramara irahiko me te kimi ara iahiko anaro tino tika, e whakarei ake ana i te pono me te ōrite o ngā hua kimi.
I roto i te hanganga o ngā papa whakamātautau haurua-ira, kua hipa rawa atu te karāneti i ngā rauemi rino maka nā ōna painga nui pērā i te ātete ki te waikura, te pumau me te ārai-aukume. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau haurua-ira ki te tika teitei ake, ka nui haere te mahi a te karāneti ki te whakarite i te mahi a ngā taputapu whakamātautau me te whakatairanga i te ahunga whakamua o te umanga haurua-ira.
Wā tuku: Mei-15-2025