Kōwae nekehanga tino tika mō te mānu hau tuaka kotahi: Te whakarewanga turanga karāhe mō te tino tika.

I te rohe o te hanga tino tika me te rangahau pūtaiao, kei te piki haere te hiahia mō te whakahaere nekehanga tino tika i ia rā, i ia rā. Hei taputapu matua hei whakatutuki i te nekehanga raina tino tika, ka pā tika te mahi a te waeine hau mānu tuaka-kotahi tino tika ki te kounga o te hua whakamutunga me te tika o ngā hua rangahau pūtaiao. I roto i ngā āhuatanga maha e awe ana, ko te whakamahinga o te turanga karāhe ka hoatu he painga kore e taea te whakataurite, ā, ka noho hei huānga matua hei whakarite i te tino tika.
I muri i ngā miriona tau o ngā huringa whenua, he tino matotoru, he ōrite hoki te hanganga o roto o te karāhe. Ko te nuinga o te mea he quartz, he feldspar me ētahi atu kohuke, ā, nā tēnei hanganga rauemi ahurei ka tino pai ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te karāhe. Ina whakamahia hei turanga mō tētahi waeine nekehanga tino tika o te hau kotahi-tuaka, ka whakaatu tuatahi te karāhe i te tino pumau. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā turanga rauemi whakarewa noa, ka whakaatu ngā turanga karāhe i te ātete ki te whakarerekētanga i te āhua i te aroaro o ngā raruraru taiao o waho, pērā i te piki me te heke o te pāmahana me te wiri miihini. I roto i te tukanga hanga maramara hiko, me tika te tūnga o te tuhi maramara kia eke ki te taumata nanometer. I roto i te toa whakaputa, ko te wiri i puta mai i te whakahaere o ngā taputapu nui me ngā huringa iti o te pāmahana taiao ka pā ki te tika o te nekehanga o ngā taputapu tuhi. Ka taea e te waeine nekehanga tino tika o te hau kotahi-tuaka me te turanga karāhe te whakaiti i te wiri o waho me te whakaiti i te kaha wiri e tukuna ana ki te waeine nekehanga neke atu i te 80%. I taua wā anō, nā te iti rawa o te tauwehenga whakawhanui wera, ka iti noa te panoni o te rahi o te turanga ina huri te pāmahana, ka whakarite kia mau tonu te tika o te nekehanga o te waeine nekehanga hau i roto i te taiao uaua, ka whakaratohia he turanga tūnga tika mō te tuhi maramara, ā, ka tino whakapai ake i te hua o te hanga maramara.

Hei tāpiritanga, he pai te ātete ki te kakahu o te karāhe. I roto i te tukanga o te nekehanga auau o te waeine rere hau tuaka-kotahi tino tika, ahakoa he tautoko kiriata hau i waenganui i te reti rere hau me te turanga, ka puta he taumata waku i te whakamahinga roa. Ka taea e te turanga karāhe, me ōna āhuatanga pakeke teitei, te ātete pai i te kakahu i puta mai i tēnei waku me te whakaroa i te roanga o te ratonga o te waeine nekehanga. I roto i te taiwhanga rangahau pūtaiao o ngā whare wānanga, me whakamahi te waeine nekehanga tino tika o te rere hau uniaxial kia pumau ai te mahi a ngā taputapu whakamātautau e whakamahia ana mō te kimi matūriki moroiti mō te wā roa kia whiwhi ai i te maha o ngā raraunga whakamātautau tika. Mā te ātete kakahu teitei o te turanga karāhe ka taea tonu te pupuri i te tika o te waeine nekehanga i te taumata tino tika tuatahi i muri i te wā roa o te whakamahinga, ka whakarato i te taurangi pono mō te haere tonu me te tika o te mahi rangahau pūtaiao, me te āwhina i ngā kairangahau ki te tūhura hohonu i te mea ngaro o te ao moroiti.
Ko te waeine nekehanga tino tika o te hau mānu kotahi-tuaka me te turanga karāhe he rite ki te "kaiwhakatere" tino tika mō te hanga tino tika me te rangahau pūtaiao. Nā te pumau pai o te turanga karāhe, te ātete ki te kakahu, ka tautokona te waeine nekehanga hau mānu tino tika mō te nekehanga tino tika, i roto i te hanga haurua-ira, te hanga taputapu whatu, te rangahau pūtaiao teitei me te maha atu o ngā whakaritenga tika o te mara, he mahi nui e kore e taea te whakakapi, e whakatairanga ana i te ahumahi ki te huarahi tino tika me te kounga teitei.