He rangahau mō te paepae awe o te piki me te heke o te pāmahana taiao ki te tika o te ine i te tūāpapa karāhe.

I roto i te mara o te ine tika, ko te tūāpapa tika o te karāhe, nā tōna pumau pai, tōna pakeke teitei, me tōna ātete pai ki te kakahu, kua noho hei turanga tautoko pai mō ngā mahi ine tika-teitei. Heoi, ko ngā rerekētanga pāmahana o ngā āhuatanga taiao, pērā i te "kaipatu tika" e huna ana i te pōuri, he pānga nui ki te tika o te ine o te tūāpapa tika o te karāhe. He mea nui kia tirotirohia te paepae awe kia tino tika ai, kia pono ai hoki te mahi ine.

Ahakoa e mōhiotia ana te karāhe mō tōna pumau, kāore e ātete ki ngā huringa pāmahana. Ko ōna wāhanga matua ko te quartz, te feldspar me ētahi atu kohuke, ka puta ai te whanaketanga wera me te whakahekenga i ngā pāmahana rerekē. Ina piki te pāmahana o te taiao, ka werahia, ka whānuihia te papa tika o te karāhe, ā, ka paku rerekē te rahi o te papa. Ina heke te pāmahana, ka hoki ki tōna āhua taketake. Ka taea te whakanui ake i ngā huringa rahi iti hei āhuatanga matua e pā ana ki ngā hua ine i roto i ngā horopaki ine tika.

Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i te taputapu ine taunga noa e whakataurite ana i te tūāpapa karāhe, i roto i te mahi ine tino tika, ka eke te tika o te ine ki te taumata maikoroni, ki runga ake rānei. E whakaarohia ana i te pāmahana paerewa o te 20℃, kei roto ngā tawhā āhua rerekē o te tūāpapa i te āhua pai, ā, ka taea te whiwhi raraunga tika mā te ine i te mea mahi. Ina rerekē te pāmahana taiao, he tino rerekē te āhua. Whai muri i te maha o ngā tatauranga raraunga whakamātautau me te tātari ariā, i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ko te rerekētanga o te pāmahana taiao o te 1℃, ko te whānui, te whakahekenga rānei o te tūāpapa tika o te karāhe he tata ki te 5-7 ×10⁻⁶/℃. Ko te tikanga tēnei, mō te tūāpapa karāhe he 1 mita te roa o te taha, ka taea te huri i te roa o te taha mā te 5-7 maikoroni mena ka huri te pāmahana mā te 1°C. I roto i ngā inenga tino tika, he nui te rerekētanga o te rahi hei whakaputa hapa ine ki tua atu i te awhe e whakaaetia ana.
Mō ngā mahi ine e hiahiatia ana e ngā taumata tika rerekē, he rerekē anō hoki te paepae awe o te piki me te heke o te pāmahana. I roto i te ine tika noa, pērā i te ine rahi o ngā wāhanga mīhini, mēnā kei roto i te ±20 maikorona te hapa ine e whakaaetia ana, e ai ki te tātaitanga tauwehenga whānui i runga ake nei, me whakahaere te piki me te heke o te pāmahana i roto i te awhe o te ± 3-4 ℃, kia taea ai te whakahaere i te hapa ine i puta mai i te huringa rahi o te tūāpapa i te taumata e whakaaetia ana. I roto i ngā wāhi he nui ngā whakaritenga tika, pērā i te ine tukanga lithography i roto i te hanga maramara haurua-ira, ka whakaaetia te hapa i roto i te ±1 maikorona, ā, me whakahaere tika te piki me te heke o te pāmahana i roto i te ± 0.1-0.2 °C. Kia neke ake te piki me te heke o te pāmahana i tēnei paepae, ka puta pea he rerekētanga i roto i ngā hua ine nā te whānui me te whakaheke wera o te tūāpapa karāhe, ka pā ki te hua o te hanga maramara.
Hei whakatau i te awe o te piki me te heke o te pāmahana taiao ki te tika o te ine i te tūāpapa tika o te karāhe, he maha ngā mehua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi mahi. Hei tauira, ka tāutahia ngā taputapu pāmahana pumau tino tika ki te taiao ine hei whakahaere i te piki me te heke o te pāmahana i roto i te whānuitanga iti rawa; ka whakahaerehia he utu pāmahana ki runga i ngā raraunga ine, ā, ka whakatikatikaina ngā hua ine e te raupaparorohiko kia rite ki te tauwehenga whānui wera o te tūāpapa me ngā huringa pāmahana wā-tūturu. Heoi, ahakoa he aha ngā mehua e mahia ana, ko te mārama tika ki te pānga o ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana taiao ki te tika o te ine o te tūāpapa tika o te karāhe te kaupapa matua o te whakarite i te mahi ine tika me te pono.