Ngā tawhā hangarau o te turanga miihini o te karāhe.

 

He toka mura e whakamahia whānuitia ana te karāneti, ā, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana mō tōna pakari me tōna kaha, ā, he mea tino pai mō ngā turanga mīhini i roto i ngā kaupapa hanga maha. He mea nui te mārama ki ngā tawhā hangarau o ngā turanga mīhini karāneti mō ngā kaihangarau me ngā kaihoahoa kia mau ai te hanganga me te roa o te ora.

Ko tētahi o ngā tawhā hangarau matua o te karāhe ko tōna kaha pēhi, e ahu mai ana i te 100 ki te 300 MPa. Mā tēnei kaha pēhi teitei ka taea e te karāhe te tu atu i ngā kawenga nui, e pai ai mō ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu taumaha. Hei tāpiri, he iti te porosity o te karāhe, i waenganui i te 0.1% ki te 0.5%, e whai wāhi ana ki tōna ātete ki te urunga wai me te huarere matū, e whakarei ake ana i tōna pai mō ngā turanga mīhini.

Ko tētahi atu tawhā nui ko te modulus of elasticity, arā, mō te karāneti he tata ki te 50 ki te 70 GPa. E tohu ana tēnei āhuatanga i te nui o te pirau o te rauemi i raro i te ahotea, e whakarato ana i ngā māramatanga ki tana mahi i raro i ngā kawenga hihiri. Ko te iti o te tauwehenga whānui wera o te karāneti, tata ki te 5 ki te 7 x 10^-6 /°C, ka whakarite kia mau tonu tōna hanganga ahakoa ngā rerekētanga o te pāmahana, ka waiho hei whiringa pono mō ngā turanga i roto i ngā āhuarangi rerekē.

Ko te mātotoru o te karāhe, i waenga i te 2.63 ki te 2.75 karamu/cm³, he mea nui anō hoki ki te hoahoa o te turanga. Mā te mātotoru teitei ake ka pumau te turanga, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te taunga, te neke rānei i te roanga o te wā. Hei tāpiri, nā te ātete o te karāhe ki te pakaru me te kakahu, he mea pai rawa atu mō ngā turanga e pāngia ana e te nui o te waka, e te ahotea ā-mīhini rānei.

Hei whakamutunga, ko ngā tawhā hangarau o ngā turanga miihini karāhe, tae atu ki te kaha pēhi, te modulus o te ngāwari, te iti o te porosity, me te matotoru teitei, e whakaatu ana i tōna whai huatanga hei rauemi turanga. Mā te whakamahi i ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e ngā kaihangarau te hoahoa i ngā turanga miihini pakari me te pakari e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o te hanganga hou.