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I roto i te umanga haurua-ira, ko te tirotiro i te wafer he hononga matua hei whakarite i te kounga me te mahi a te maramara, ā, ko te tika me te pumau o te tēpu tirotiro he mea nui ki ngā hua kitenga. Ko te turanga karāhe me ōna āhuatanga ahurei, ka noho hei whiringa pai mō te tēpu tirotiro wafer haurua-ira, ko te mea e whai ake nei mai i te tātari maha-ahu mōu.
Tuatahi, te whānuitanga o te taurangi tika
1. Te papatahi me te tika tino teitei: Ka tukatukahia te turanga karāhe mā te hangarau tukatuka matatau, ā, ka taea e te papatahi te eke ki te ±0.001mm/m, neke atu rānei te tika, ā, he tino pai hoki te tika. I roto i te tukanga tirotiro wafer, ka whakaratohia e te papa tino tika te tautoko pumau mō te wafer, ā, ka whakarite kia tika te pa atu i waenga i te tirotiro o te taputapu tirotiro me ngā hononga honohono i runga i te mata wafer.
2. He tino iti te tauwehenga o te whānui wera: he tairongo te hanga haurua-ira ki ngā huringa pāmahana, ā, he tino iti te tauwehenga o te whānui wera o te karāhe, tata ki te 5×10⁻⁶/℃. Ahakoa te rerekētanga o te pāmahana taiao, kāore e tino rerekē te rahi o te turanga karāhe ina whakahaerehia te tūāpapa kimi. Hei tauira, i roto i te awheawhe pāmahana teitei i te raumati, ka taea e te pāmahana o te tūāpapa kimi turanga whakarewa noa te neke i te tūranga whanaunga o te wafer me ngā taputapu kimi, ka pā ki te tika o te kimi; Ka taea e te tūāpapa kimi turanga karāhe te pupuri i te pumau, te whakarite i te tika o te tūranga whanaunga o te wafer me ngā taputapu kimi i te wā o te tukanga kimi, me te whakarato i tētahi taiao pumau mō te kimi tino tika.
Tuarua, te āhua pumau
1. Hanganga pumau me te ātete wiri: Whai muri i ngā miriona tau o ngā tukanga whenua, he matotoru, he ōrite te hanganga o roto o te karāhe. I roto i te taiao uaua o te wheketere haurua-ira, ka whakaitihia te wiri e puta mai ana i te whakahaere o ngā taputapu taha me ngā kaimahi e hikoi ana i te turanga karāhe.
2. Te tika o te whakamahinga mō te wā roa: ki te whakaritea ki ētahi atu rauemi, he pakeke te karāhe, he kaha te ātete ki te kakahu, ā, ka taea e te pakeketanga Mohs te eke ki te 6-7. Kāore e ngāwari te pakaru o te mata o te turanga karāhe i te wā e utaina ana, e tangohia ana, e tirotirohia ana hoki ngā papa. E ai ki te whakamahinga tūturu o ngā tatauranga raraunga, mā te whakamahi i te tēpu whakamātautau turanga karāhe, ka taea tonu te pupuri i te papatahi me te tika i te neke atu i te 98% o te tika tuatahi, ka whakaitihia te pakaru o ngā taputapu nā te kakahu o te turanga i puta mai i ngā wā whakatikatika me te tiaki auau, ka whakaitihia ngā utu whakahaere pakihi, kia mau ai te pumau mō te wā roa o te mahi whakamātautau.
Tuatoru, te taha ma, me te taha ārai-whakararuraru
1. Te iti o te puehu e puta mai ana: me tino ma te taiao hangahanga haurua-ira, ā, me pumau te rauemi karāhe, ā, kāore e ngāwari te whakaputa i ngā matūriki puehu. I te wā e whakahaerehia ana te papa whakamātautau, ka karohia te puehu e puta mai ana i te turanga kia kore ai e poke te papa, ā, ka whakaitihia te tūponotanga o te ara iahiko poto me te ara iahiko tuwhera e puta mai ana i ngā matūriki puehu. I roto i te wāhi tirotiro papa o te awheawhe kore puehu, ka whakahaeretia tonutia te kukū puehu huri noa i te tēpu tirotiro turanga karāhe ki te taumata tino iti, kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga horoi pakari o te umanga haurua-ira.
2. Kāore he pokanoa aukume: he tairongo te taputapu kimi ki te taiao aukume, ā, he rauemi kore-aukume te karāneti, e kore e pokanoa ki te tohu hiko o te taputapu kimi. I te whakamahinga o te kimi hihi irahiko me ētahi atu hangarau whakamātautau e hiahia ana ki te taiao aukume tino teitei, ka whakarite te turanga karāneti i te tuku pumau o te tohu hiko o te taputapu kimi, ā, ka whakarite hoki i te tika o ngā hua whakamātautau. Hei tauira, ina whakamatautauria te wafer mō te mahi hiko tino tika, ka karohia e te turanga karāneti kore-aukume te pokanoa ki ngā tohu iahiko me te ngaohiko kimi, kia whakaata pono ai ngā raraunga kimi i ngā āhuatanga hiko o te wafer.
Wā tuku: Maehe-31-2025