Ko ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā mara tono o te karāhe e whai ake nei.

Ko ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā mara tono o te karāhe e whai ake nei:
Ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te karāhe
He momo kōhatu te karāneti, he āhua motuhake tōna, ā, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
1. He iti te uruhanga: He tino iti te uruhanga ā-tinana o te karāhe, i waenga i te 0.2% me te 4%, ā, he tino pai te ātete ki te parahanga me te ātete ki te huarere.
2. Te pumau wera nui: He tino pumau te karāneti i te wera, ā, e kore e rerekē nā ngā huringa o te pāmahana o waho, nō reira he pai mō te taiao pāmahana teitei.
3. Te kaha pēhi me te pakeke teitei: He kaha pēhi teitei te karāneti, ā, he pakeke teitei, ka taea e tōna kaha pēhi te eke ki te 100-300MPa, ā, ko te kaha pēhi o te karāneti pai rawa atu ka taea te neke ake i te 300MPa, ā, ko te pakeke Mohs he tata ki te 6, e āhei ai te tu atu ki te pēhanga me te kakahu nui ake.
4. Te iti o te mimiti wai: Ko te tere mimiti wai o te karāhe he iti noa iho, i waenga i te 0.15% me te 0.46%, ā, ka āwhina tēnei ki te pupuri i te maroke o roto, me te ārai i te kino o te huka-rewa.
5. He pai te pumau matū: He kaha te ātete o te karāhe ki te waikura, nō reira e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te rahui o ngā hua waikura matū.
6. Te mātotoru o te karāhe: Ka rerekē i runga i tōna hanganga me tōna hanganga, engari i te nuinga o te wā kei waenga i te 2.6g/cm³ me te 3.1g/cm³. Nā tēnei awhe mātotoru ka mārō, ka taumaha te karāhe. Ka nui ake te mātotoru o te kōhatu, ka pai ake, nō reira ka nui ake te tika o te hua, ka pai te pumau o te kōhatu mō ngā taputapu me ngā taputapu tino tika.
Tuarua, ka taea te whakamahi i te karāhe i te mara
Nā ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana ahurei me tōna āhua ataahua, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te karāhe i roto i ngā mara maha:
1. Whakapaipai Whare: He maha ngā whakamahinga o te karāneti hei rauemi hanga whare, pērā i te whenua, ngā pakitara, ngā tatau me ngā anga matapihi, ngā pou me ētahi atu rauemi whakapaipai, nā ōna āhuatanga pakari, pakari, me te ataahua, koinei te whiringa tuatahi mō te whakapaipai pakitara o waho o ngā whare nui, ko te tikanga ka whiriwhiria e ngā whakamahinga whare te karāneti hina.
2. Te hanga rori: He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te kirikiri kirikiri mō te whakatakoto rori nā te mea he mārō, he pakari, he kore-paheke, ā, ka āwhina tēnei ki te whakapai ake i te haumaru me te roa o te ora o ngā rori.
3. Ngā papa kaute kīhini: He tino pai te karāneti mō ngā papa kaute kīhini nā tōna pakeke, tōna ātete ki te pakaru, me te ārai i te poke, ka taea te tu atu i te pēhanga nui me te taumaha, ā, he ngāwari hoki te horoi.
4. Te whakairo ā-ringa: He ātaahua te kakano o te karāneti, he mārō hoki, he pai mō te hanga whakairo, pērā i te whakairo whenua māra, te whakairo āhua me ērā atu.
5. Mara taputapu tino tika: i roto i te kōwhiringa ahumahi o te karāhe ka whiriwhiria te karāhe pango tūturu, he pai ake ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te karāhe pango, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā taputapu tino tika, i ngā momo taputapu mīhini, ine taputapu me te rererangi, taputapu haurua-ira me ētahi atu ahumahi e pā ana.
6. Ētahi atu mara: Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te karāhe mō te hanganga o ngā TAPUTAPU, ngā parenga wai, me te hanga kōhatu urupā me ngā whakamaharatanga.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, kua rongonui te karāhe hei kohatu nā ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana ahurei me te whānuitanga o ngā whakamahinga.