I roto i te whakamahinga o te waeine nekehanga tino tika, ko te turanga, hei wāhanga tautoko matua, he mea nui ki te mahi a te waeine. He āhuatanga motuhake tō te turanga tino tika o te karāhe me te turanga whakarewa, ā, he mārama te rerekētanga i waenganui i a rāua.
I. Te pumau
I muri i ngā miriona tau o ngā huringa whenua, he matotoru, he ōrite te hanganga o roto o te karāhe, ko te nuinga he quartz, he feldspar me ētahi atu kohuke e hono tata ana. Mā tēnei hanganga ahurei ka tino pumau, ā, ka taea te ātete ki ngā pokanoa o waho. I roto i te awheawhe hanga maramara hiko, ka oma pinepine ngā taputapu taha, ā, ka taea e te turanga karāhe te whakaiti i te kaha wiri o te waeine nekehanga tino tika e tukuna ana ki te hau mānu mā te neke atu i te 80%, ka whakarite i te nekehanga maeneene o te waeine me te whakarato i te taurangi pakari mō ngā tukanga tino tika pēnei i te tuhi me te whakairo o te hanga maramara.
Ahakoa ka taea e te turanga whakarewa te ārai i te wiri ki tētahi taumata, tera pea ētahi hapa pēnei i ngā kōhao onepu me ngā pūwero i roto i te tukanga whakarewa, ka whakaiti i te ōritetanga me te pumau o te hanganga. I te aroaro o te wiri auau teitei me te kaha teitei, kāore te kaha whakaiti wiri i te pai ki te turanga karāhe, ka hua ake he ngoikore te pumau o te nekehanga o te waeine nekehanga tino tika o te hau mānu, ka pā ki te tika o te tukatuka me te kite o ngā taputapu.
Tuarua, te pupuri i te tika
He tino iti te tauwehenga whānui o te karāhe, ko te tikanga he 5-7 ×10⁻⁶/℃, ā, i roto i te taiao piki me te heke o te pāmahana, he iti noa te rerekētanga o te rahi. I roto i te ao o te whetū, ka honoa te waeine nekehanga tino tika mō te whakatikatika i te arotahi karāhe ki te turanga karāhe, ahakoa he nui te rerekētanga pāmahana i waenga i te ao me te pō, ka taea te whakarite kia mau tonu te tika o te tūnga o te arotahi ki te taumata iti-micron, hei āwhina i ngā kaimātai whetū ki te mātakitaki mārama i ngā tinana o te rangi i tawhiti.
Ko ngā rauemi whakarewa e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te turanga whakarewa, pērā i te rino whakarewa, he teitei te tauwehenga whānui wera, tata ki te 10-20 ×10⁻⁶/℃. Ina huri te pāmahana, ka kitea te rerekētanga o te rahi, ā, ka ngāwari te whakarerekē i te pāmahana o te waeine nekehanga tino tika o te hau mānu, ka heke te tika o te nekehanga. I roto i te tukanga huri karaihe arotahi pāmahana-tairongo, ko te whakarerekētanga o te turanga whakarewa i raro i te awe o te pāmahana ka puta te peka o te tika o te huri karaihe ki tua atu i te awhe e whakaaetia ana, ka pā ki te kounga o te karaihe arotahi.
Tuatoru, te ātete ki te kakahu
He teitei te pakeke o te karāhe, ka taea e te pakeketanga Mohs te eke ki te 6-7, ā, he kaha te ātete ki te kakahu. I roto i te taiwhanga pūtaiao rauemi, ko te waeine nekehanga tino tika o te hau e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ka taea e te turanga karāhe te ātete pai i te waku o te reti hau, ki te whakaritea ki te turanga maka noa, ka taea te whakaroa i te huringa tiaki o te waeine neke atu i te 50%, te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki taputapu, me te whakarite i te haere tonu o te mahi rangahau pūtaiao.
Mena he mea hanga te turanga whakarewa i ngā rauemi whakarewa noa, he iti noa te pakeke, ā, he ngāwari te mau o te mata i raro i te waku roa o te reti hau, ka pā ki te tika o te nekehanga me te maeneene o te waeine nekehanga tino tika o te hau, me te hiahia kia nui ake te tiaki me te whakakapinga, ka piki ake te utu whakamahi me te wā kore mahi.
Tuawhā, te utu hanga me te uauatanga tukatuka
He nui te utu mō te hoko rauemi mata o te karāhe, ā, he uaua te keri, te kawe, me te tukatuka i ngā taputapu ngaio me ngā hangarau, pērā i te tapahi tino tika, te huri, te whakakanapa, me ētahi atu, he nui hoki ngā utu hanga. Nā te mea he pakeke, he pakarukaru, he uaua ki te tukatuka, he ngāwari ki te kitea te hinga o te taha, te pakaru me ētahi atu hapa, he nui te tere o te para.
He whānuitia ngā rauemi mata mō te turanga whakarewa, he iti te utu, he pakari te tukanga whakarewa, he iti te uaua o te tukatuka, ā, ka taea te whakaputa papatipu mā te pokepokea, me te whai huatanga whakaputa teitei me te utu ka taea te whakahaere. Heoi, kia tutuki ai te tino tika me te pumau rite tonu ki te turanga karāhe, he tino kaha ngā whakaritenga mō te tukanga whakarewa me te tukatuka-muri, ā, ka tino piki ake hoki te utu.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he painga nui tō te turanga tino tika o te karāhe i roto i ngā horopaki tono o ngā waeine nekehanga tino tika me te tino tika, te pumau me te ātete ki te kakahu. He painga anō tō te turanga whakarewa i roto i te utu me te ngāwari o te tukatuka, ā, he pai mō ngā wā e iti ana te whakaritenga tika, ā, e whai ana i te whai huatanga o te utu.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-08-2025